Cognitive Impairment With Older Age - 1553 Words

Cognitive Impairment With Older Age Many times, we hear our older generation complain that their memory is failing. Is it really failing or is there something else causing the memory to decline? With many studies in the area of cognitive impairment during aging, it was shown that often times it the decline is due to aging, but there are signs and symptoms that those entering their older years may want to look for, as well as those who love and care for them (National Institute on Aging, 2014). Nurses need to be aware of when the elders are simply aging and if there is more to the memory lapses than just getting older. Nurses can be the eyes and ears for physician, if he or she were expecting something unusual in an aging patient, however; the nurse should not be the one raise the suspicion to the patient or loved one. First the type of cognitive impairment needs to be determined when we are looking at each aging person. As mentioned before some is due to aging, but if decline happens quickly and begins to affect the lifestyle of the patient then something may be causing the cognitive decline. There are two prominent diseases that may cause a cognitive decline, Dementia and Alzheimer’s (Alzheimer s Association, 2016). These two have to have more medical tests to determine the extent of the disease and whether or not treatment is available. The American Psychological Association (2012) reported that the human brain does startShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Physical Activity On Young Age Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesactivity at various ages over the life course is associated with cognitive impairment in later life†. Many studies show that physical activity can improve cognition impairment in old age, however, these results are not enough to prove the theory that â€Å"physical activity over the life course and its association with cognitive performance and impairment in old age†. In this study of participants who were physically active at teena ge had a lower possibility of cognitive impairment in old age. â€Æ' The paperRead MoreA Clinical Case Study On Mild Cognitive Impairment Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagespeople age they tend to change, physically and mentally. Just like our bodies, our brains change as we age. Our thinking becomes slower and we cannot remember certain things. However, memory loss, confusion and other major changes in the way our brains work may be signs of cognitive changes. This essay showcases a clinical case study on Mild Cognitive Impairment. It describes the process of cognitive development according to theorist Jean Piaget. It overviews the three basic cognitive functionRead MoreMild Cognitive Impairment And Women Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesM2016MH025 Mild Cognitive Impairment and Women in Old Age Home in Urban Mumbai: Prevalence and Patterns PART I - RESEARCH PROPOSAL a. The problem identification Older women are of special interest for me because of the fact that their numbers have outgrown rapidly in the global arena. The older population is predominantly female because women tend to live longer than men, older women outnumber older men almost everywhere. In 2013, globally, there were 85 men per 100 women in the age group 60 yearsRead MoreTesting Reaction Times And Performing Mini Mental Examinations Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive functions are responsible for a significant amount of the action that humans make. They are incorporated in simple everyday tasks, such as remembering your name or recognizing you are hungry, and more complex tasks, such as driving a car or studying for a final exam. Cognitive function is often described as a set of mental abilities that allow individuals to perceive ideas and concepts, and understand the world around them. This includes processes such as memory, problem solving, decisionRead MoreThe Number Of People Living With Cognitiv e Impairment1408 Words   |  6 Pagesliving with cognitive impairment is growing at an alarming rate. Medication adherence can be affected by impairment in an individual’s cognition. In countless older individuals, adherence to prescribed medication is extremely important to their health and can make the difference between life and death. It is pertinent to devise methods to improve adherence in these individuals with cognitive impairment to ensure they live long, healthy lives. Keywords: elderly, aged, cognitive impairment, dementiaRead MoreA Brief Note On The Alzheimers Disease1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Alzheimer’s Association (2015), there are 5.3 million Americans with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 5.1 million are age 65 and older. The projection for 2025 is that the number of people with AD age 65 and older will increase 40 percent to 7.1 million. The impact and public health burden is due to the long duration of AD before death. After AD diagnosis, persons age 65 or older survive an average of 4 – 8 years (Alzheimer’s Association [AA], 2015). Being able to identify and screen adults at riskRead MoreThe Themes Listed Under Functional Age1294 Words   |  6 PagesResearch and Analysis The research analysis will now discuss the themes listed under functional age. It will elaborate on how biological, psychological and sociological factors contribute towards describing the definition of what it is to be old. As stated in my introduction, functional age has advantages over chronological age by better measuring the capabilities of an individual. Seniors are often stereotyped and underestimated that has led it to being generalized across the elder population.Read MoreResearch837 Words   |  4 Pagesparticularly helpful to older adults and the elderly. The guideline panel was systematically reviewed for the prevalence, prognosis, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment. The results revealed that the prevalence rate was 6.7 percent in people ages 60 to 64, 8.4 percent for 65 to 69, 10.1 percent for 70 to 74, 14.8 percent for 75 to 79, and 25.2 percent for 80 to 84. The result also found the cumulative incidence of dementia by about 14.9 percent in people with MCI older than 65 years old. TheRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : Symptoms And Treatment Of Dementia1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe Alzheimer’s Association reports that by the year 2025, around seven million people 65 years of age and older will be suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. There is other subsets of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most well known. With the skyrocketing increase of individuals suffering from dementia will come the need for more intervention and prevention projects to help the number of individuals suffering from all forms of dementia. Even though there is an umbrella of different formsRead MoreNarrative Discourse On The Language Abilities Of Elderly Individuals1127 Words   |  5 Pagesadulthood into old age. However, along with changes in memory and executive functions, many elders experience changes in their language abilities. Conversely, many elderly individuals are acquiring cognitive injuries, such as strokes and traumatic brain injuries, that furt her impact the language, memory, and executive functions. Because more individuals are aging and surviving strokes and brain injuries than ever before, it is crucial to understand the effects of these cognitive disorders on the language

Who Is The Real Bully - 1712 Words

Daniel Mora November 20, 2014 WRTG 101s Who is the real bully? Bullying has one of the most deadly outcomes in the world; it can corrupt futures and lives. There are roughly 4,400 suicide deaths per year that are related or in results of bullying. You can save lives on a daily basis by staying aware and having an understanding of bullying and how to prevent the dangers of it. Bullying is a commonly understood topic around the world, but there are many unknown facts and situations that people aren’t aware of, including different types of bullying: bullying in school, racial bullying, and bullying in the workplace. Bullying hasn’t always been a major issue that haunts lives on a day to day basis. It wasn’t until the 1970’s where ‘bullying’†¦show more content†¦Based on an estimate from other sources that is also about 15%. As many people know, bullying occurs when the other party feels dominance or superiority over the other party. This directly correlates with personality, strength, ideals, and insecurity. After studies being taken place it is found that â€Å"the 15% that was bullied in the grades of 1 – 9 tend to be more depressed and have a lower self-esteem at age 23 because they cannot overcome the scares in their minds† (Dan Olweus). Here is where it gets interesting; the bullies are not usually only focused on students, they tend to have an impact of bullying towards teachers, peers, and other adults as well. Follow-up studies of the children that bullied other kids in school is an astounding 35% to 40% that they have been victimized of at least three crimes by the age of 24. Dan Olweus’ article is still at an early age of the bullying era but it has shown that bullying prevention programs have significantly decreased bullying around the world. To conclude this article by Dan Olweus, it provided enough evidence to say that anti-bullying programs are as simple to implement as they are necessary in order to assist change in the behavior, attitudes, and routines of daily school life. Bullying only seen as a form of physical contact or words isn’t always the case. The article by Mouw Ted

Blood Sweat free essay sample

Blood, Sweat A ; Shearss: A Closer Look At Sweatshops Essay, Research Paper Blood, Sweat, and Shearss: A Closer Look at Sweatshops How can you state if the merchandise you are about to buy was made by a kid, by adolescent misss forced to work until midnight seven yearss a hebdomad, or in a sweatshop by workers paid 9? an hr? The sad fact is # 8230 ; You can non. The companies do non desire you to cognize, so they hide their production behind locked mill Gatess, barbed wire and armed guards. Many multinationals refuse to let go of to the American people even the list and references of the mills they use around the universe to do the goods we purchase. The corporations say we have no right to this information. Even the President of the United States could non happen out where these companies manufacture their goods. Yet, to shop with our scruples, it is our right to cognize in which states and mills, under what human rights conditions, and at what wages the merchandises we purchase are made. This paper will be a behind the scenes look at what truly happens behind the closed door of sweatshops. The footings # 8220 ; sweatshop # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; sudating # 8221 ; were foremost used in the nineteenth century to depict a subcontracting system where the jobbers earned their net income from the border between the sum they received from a contract and the sum they paid workers. This border was # 8220 ; sweated # 8221 ; from the workers because they received minimum rewards for inordinate hours worked under insanitary conditions ( Mason, 33 ) . This construct of sudating comes alive once more in today # 8217 ; s garment industry which is best described as a pyramid where big-name retail merchants and brand-name makers contract with run uping stores, who in bend hire garment workers to do the finished merchandise. Retailers and makers at the top of the pyramid order how much workers earn in rewards by commanding the contract monetary value given to the contractor. With these monetary values worsening each twelvemonth by every bit much as 25 % , contractors are forced to # 8220 ; perspiration # 8221 ; a net income from garment workers by working them long hours at low rewards ( Mason, 34 ) . The U.S. General Accounting Office has developed a working definition of a sweatshop as # 8220 ; an employer that violates more than one federal or province labour, industrial prep, occupational safety and wellness, workers # 8217 ; compensation, or industry registration. # 8221 ; More loosely, a sweatshop is a workplace where workers are capable to utmost development, including the absence of a life pay or benefits, hapless working conditions and arbitrary subject ( Department of Labor, 2 ) . Despite hard-won Torahs for lower limit pay, overtime wage, and occupational safety and wellness ( and even authorities and industry pledges to crackdown ) sweatshops are platitude in the U.S. garment industry and are distributing quickly throughout developing states. In the U.S. , garment workers typically toil 60 hours a hebdomad in forepart of their machines, frequently without minimal pay or overtime wage. In fact, the Department of Labor estimations that more than half of the state # 8217 ; s 22,000 run uping stores violate minimal pay and overtime Torahs. Many of these workers labour in unsafe conditions including out of use fire issues, insanitary bathrooms, and hapless airing. Government surveys uncover that 75 % of U.S. garment stores violate safety and wellness Torahs. In add-on, workers normally face verbal and physical maltreatment and are intimidated from talking out, fearing occupation loss or exile ( Department of Labor, 2 ) . The Department of Labor defines a work topographic point as a sweatshop if it violates two or more of the most basic labour Torahs including kid labour, lower limit pay, overtime and fire safety Torahs ( Department of Labor, 3 ) . For many, the word sweatshop conjures up images of dirty, cramped, bend of the century New York tenements where immigrant adult females worked as dressmakers. High-rise tenement sweatshops still do be, but, today, even big, brilliantly illuminated mills can be the sites of rampant labour maltreatments. Sweatshop workers report atrocious on the job conditions including sub-minimum rewards, no benefits, non-payment of rewards, forced overtime, sexual torment, verbal maltreatment, bodily penalty, and illegal fires. Children can frequently be found working in sweatshops alternatively of traveling to school. Sweatshop operators are ill-famed for avoiding giving pregnancy leave by firing pregnant adult females and coercing adult females workers to take birth cont rol or to abort their gestations ( Taylor, 52 ) . Sweatshop operators can outdo control a pool of workers that are nescient of their rights as workers. Therefore, foremans frequently refuse to engage nonionized workers and intimidate or fire any worker suspected of talking with brotherhood representatives or seeking to form her fellow workers. In the garment industry, the typical sweatshop worker is a adult female ( 90 % of all sweatshop workers are adult females ) . She is immature and, frequently, losing the opportunity for an instruction because she must work long hours to back up a household. In America, she is frequently a recent or undocumented immigrant. She is about ever non-union and normally incognizant that, even if she is in this state illicitly, she still has rights as a worker ( Taylor, 66 ) . In December of 1998, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights celebrated its fiftieth Anniversary. The authoritiess of the universe have pledged to honour the basic rights we are all born with. Unfortunately for excessively many people these promises have no significance. Hundreds of 1000000s of people are robbed of their basic human rights merely because of racial or economic position. Every individual has basic human rights such as adequate to eat, equality of chance, an instruction, freedom from force, and a support. Other human rights include clean H2O, a safe environment, wellness attention, a place, and say in our hereafters ( Mason, 88 ) . The ill-famed sweatshops of the age of Big Business ( the tardily 19th and early twentieth centuries ) virtually disappeared after World War II because of increased authorities ordinance of monopolies and the rise of trade brotherhoods. Sweatshops began to re-emerge once more, nevertheless, during the 1980 # 8217 ; s and 1990 # 8217 ; s because of economic globalisation. Today # 8217 ; s economic system is described as planetary because promotions in engineering have made it possible for big corporations that were one time confined to a specific geographic location to go big # 8220 ; multi-nationals # 8221 ; ( Mason, 77 ) . The popularity of the # 8220 ; free # 8221 ; market following the autumn of Communism and a rise in anti-union sentiment, coupled with authorities plans ( like NAFTA and GATT ) designed to promote free trade, have hastened the globalisation procedure. Large corporations are now free to seek out low-wage oasiss: destitute states where corporations benefit from oppressive dictatorial governments that actively suppress workers # 8217 ; freedoms of address and association. Even in North America, where the North American Free Trade Agreement is supposed to implement a minimal criterion for workers # 8217 ; rights, corporations concentrate in maquiladoras, # 8220 ; free trade zones # 8221 ; that were created by NAFTA, where the workers # 8217 ; rights commissariats of the Agreement merely do non use ( Co-op America ) . Corporations have been flying states with comparatively comfortable economic systems and stable, democracies in droves non merely to take advantage of inexpensive labour, but to get away authorities examination and unfavorable judgment from human rights and workers # 8217 ; rights organisations. Guess? Clothing Co. , for illustration, has ever produced the bulk of its goods in the U.S. but threatened to travel 75 % of this fabrication to Mexico last twelvemonth in response to Department of Labor commendations and extremely publicised human-centered runs about Guess? California contract sweatshops ( Department of Labor, 4 ) . There are likely sweatshops in every state in the universe # 8211 ; anyplace where there is a pool of desperate, exploitable workers. Logically, the poorer a state is the more exploitable its people are. Labor misdemeanors are, hence, particularly widespread in 3rd wor ld states. Nike has been criticized for unethical labour patterns in its Chinese, Vietnamese and Indonesian shoe mills, and Haitian garment mills. Non-profit groups have documented the labour misdemeanors of retail merchants like Philips-Van Heusen and the Gap in mills throughout Latin America. As mentioned above, nevertheless, developing states are non the lone 1s with sweatshops. Guess? Clothing Corporation, for illustration, has been cited legion times by the Department of Labor for the usage of contract sweatshops in California ( Department of Labor, 5 ) . Many of the companies straight running sweatshops are little and don # 8217 ; Ts have much name acknowledgment. However, virtually every retail merchant in the U.S. has ties to sweatshops. The U.S. is the biggest market for the garment industry and 5 corporations control about all the garment gross revenues in this state. These include Wal-Mart, JC Penney, Sears, The May Company ( owns and operates Lord A ; Taylor, Hecht # 8217 ; s, Filene # 8217 ; s and others ) and Federated Department Stores ( owns and operates Bloomingdale # 8217 ; s, Macy # 8217 ; s, Burdine # 8217 ; s, Stern # 8217 ; s and others ) . The Department of Labor has cited several industry leaders for labour maltreatments. Of these Guess? Clothing Co. is one of the worst wrongdoers # 8211 ; Guess was suspended indefinitely from the Department of Labor # 8217 ; s list of # 8220 ; good cats # 8221 ; because their contractors were cited for so many sweatshop misdemeanors ( Department of Labor, 4 ) . Other companies contract out their production to abroad makers whose labour rights misdemeanors have been exposed by U.S. and international human rights groups. These include Nike, Disney, Wal-Mart, Reebok, Liz Claiborne and Ralph Lauren. Harmonizing to the Department of Labor, over 50 % of U.S. garment mills are sweatshops. Many sweatshops are run in this state # 8217 ; s dress centres: California, New York, Dallas, Miami and Atlanta. Overseas, garment workers routinely make less than a life pay, working under highly oppressive conditions. Workers in Vietnam mean $ 0.12 per hr, and workers in Honduras mean $ 0.60 per hr. Sweatshops can be viewed as a merchandise of the planetary economic system. Fueled by an abundant supply of labour in the planetary market, capital mobility, and free trade, garment industry giants move from state to state seeking the lowest labour costs and the highest net income, working workers the universe over ( Department of Labor, 7 ) . It is frequently cost effectual to make concern in other states where there are non as many limitations and ordinances to protect the environment. For illustration, the disposal of contaminated waste and pollution of incinerators ; the workers, their safety, wellness and good being ; and the sense of duty to the host states and their people. Corporate duty is a subject environing the issue of sweatshops. With regard to corporate resettlement, the industries are lending to the prospective states economic systems ; nevertheless, they are taking advantage of the deficiency of ordinance and without turn toing the long-run effects of the future economic and environmental concerns to the hurt of these states. It is true at the same clip that economic development of these states will lend to the universe economic system and uplifting economic systems and populations will ensue in more stable planetary markets. Large corporations about ever use contract-manufacturing houses to bring forth their goods. In this manner, corporations separate themselves from the production of their ain goods and attempt to claim that the working conditions under which their goods are produced are non their duty. In fact, it is the corporations that dictate the conditions of their workers. Corporations squeeze their contractors into paying sub-minimum rewards. Large retail merchants and retail ironss force per unit area contract makers by declining to pay more that a reduced monetary value for fabricating orders. They besides demand that their fabrication contractors guarantee them a net income by purchasing back unsold ware at the terminal of each season. Manufacturers deal with this fiscal squeezing non by cutting their ain net incomes, but by cutting workers # 8217 ; rewards and benefits, and by compromising workers # 8217 ; physical safety. Many corporations besides refuse to contract to brotherhood stores. So, even if a contractor does desire to pay their workers a sensible pay and let them their freedom of association, he/she will likely be run out of concern. In the terminal, it is the workers who pay for corporate greed. Unfortunately the Department of Labor does non hold adequate forces to inspect every workplace for labour misdemeanors. The Department of Labor merely requires companies to hold an internal monitoring policy, as opposed to an external monitoring policy where site reviews and ratings would be unheralded and conducted by impartial parties. With internal monitoring there is no manner to cognize whether companies are stating the truth about the conditions in their ain mills. Many companies, like Nike, pay private accounting houses to come into their mills and measure the on the job conditions as # 8220 ; independent # 8221 ; proctors. Even when companies are caught go againsting workers # 8217 ; rights, the penalty is frequently nominal. Fines that may look hefty to us are undistinguished to companies harvesting multi-million dollar net incomes ( Co-op America, 6 ) . The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 officially prohibits sweatshops. However, because of understaffing at the Department of Labor and corporations # 8217 ; schemes for distancing themselves from the production of their goods by undertaking production out to many different makers, enforcement is slack. Earlier this twelvemonth Stop Sweatshops Bills were introduced in Congress that would amend the Fair Labor Standards Act to keep companies responsible for the labour misdemeanors of their contractors ( Department of Labor, 6 ) . Corporations set up sweatshops in the name of # 8220 ; competition # 8221 ; . In world these corporations are non facing net income loses or bankruptcy, merely excessively small net income! During this century, workers existent rewards have gone down while CEO # 8217 ; s wages have skyrocketed. In 1965 the norm CEO made 44 times the mean mill worker. Today, the mean CEO makes 212 times the wage of the mean worker. Corporations have skewed precedences. Many are seting disbursals like CEO wages and advertisement costs before the well being of their workers. For illustration, Haitian workers run uping kids # 8217 ; s pajamas for Disney would hold to labor full-time for 14.5 old ages to gain what Michael Eisner makes in one hr! Here # 8217 ; s another astonishing statistic: Nike could pay all its single workers plenty to feed and dress themselves and their households if it would merely give 1 % of its advertisement budget to workers # 8217 ; wages each twelvemonth! Corporations falsely claim that they are victims of the planetary economic system when, in fact, corporations help make and keep this system ( Femininists Against Sweatshops, 5 ) . It would be really easy to assail the job by working the issue and conveying it to the attending of the populace in a derogative mode. By raising the issue and educating people about the world of sweatshops, as the issue enters their consciousness and they realize how it effects their every twenty-four hours lives, a motion can get down to be made. Co-op America. The March to End Sweatshops. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sweatshops.org, 2000. Department of Labor. No Sweat # 8211 ; Help End Sweatshop Conditions for American Workers. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dol.gov/dol/esa/public/nosweat/nosweat.htm, 2001. Feminists Against Sweatshops. Frequently Asked Questions About Sweatshops and Women Workers. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.feminist.org/other/sweatfaq.html, 2000. Mason, Ryan H. Sweatshops in the Twentieth Century. Dame Publications, San Francisco, 1992. Taylor, Johnathan P. A Global Look at Sweatshops. Burns and Rogers, New York, 1997.

The World Series A Brief History Of The October Classic Essays

The World Series: A Brief History Of The October Classic The World Series: A Brief History of the October Classic In America's favorite pastime, the game of baseball, there is one major goal each year for every team in the league, and that is to win the World series. For nearly one hundred years, two teams each year have competed in a best of seven series with the champion of the American League and the champion of the National League representing their respective leagues. The New York Yankees have won the most titles by far, with twenty-five championships, and the St. Louis Cardinals have the second-most with ten. Many teams have never won the World Series, and with the small income and coverage of some teams, they may never win a series. From 1901 to 1902, the American and National leagues were staged in war, and there was no World Series. The American League was still very young, and many felt that they could not compete with the powerful teams of the National League. However, a national championship was not far away. When the Boston Pilgrims of the American League accepted a challenge from owner Barney Dreyfuss of the National League Pittsburgh Pirates, the modern World Series was born ( Total World Series-Boston 1). The Pirates entered the 1903 series heavily favored to win even with injuries to the ace of the pitching staff, Sam Leever and also to Honus Wagner. The Pirates had also lost pitcher Ed Doheny to mental illness. In game one of the series, Cy Young took the mound for the Pilgrims, but was stunned in the first inning as the Pirates scored four runs and went on to take a 1-0 series lead. In the game, the Pirates' Jimmy Sebring hit the first home run in World Series history (Total World Series-Boston 2). After taking a commanding 3-1 series lead, the tide began to turn on the Pirates. The Pilgrims won the next two games, and in game seven, Bill Dinneen held the Pirates to four hits as he shut them out for the second time in the series, giving the Boston Pilgrims the first ever World Series Championship. The World Series continued to grow popular for the next several years, until 1919, when members of the Chicago White Sox were rumored to have thrown the Series. In the bottom of the first inning of game one against the Cincinnati Reds, White Sox pitcher Eddie Cicotte hit the first batter to face him, a prearranged signal to gamblers that ?the fix was on? -- that the Sox would throw the Series (Total World Series-White 1). There were eight members of the Chicago White Sox that were in on the fix, including Cicotte and outfielder ?Shoeless' Joe Jackson. The White Sox lost the first two games of the series, thanks in large part to the two starting pitchers who were in on the fix. However, in game three, the White Sox' Dickie Kerr, who was not in on the fix, pitched a three-hit shutout to get the Sox back to within one game. After game three, the players who were in on the fix managed to play poorly enough to lose the Series, and the Cincinnati Reds took home their tainted title. In 1927, the New York Yankees won the World Series over the Pittsburgh Pirates with perhaps the best lineup ever to take the field. With 110 regular season victories and a 19 game margin over second-place Philadelphia, the Yankees led the American League in nearly every offensive category. Three Yankees--Earle Combs, Lou Gehrig, and Babe Ruth--hit over .350, and divided among them league crowns in runs, hits, doubles, triples, home runs (Ruth's 60), RBI's, and slugging average. The Yankees not only hit: their pitching staff boasted the league's lowest earned run average ( Total World Series - New 1). The Yankees swept the Pirates out of the series for the first American League sweep in a World Series and many still consider them to be the best team ever. The ?Miracle Mets? of 1969 proved that magic could happen in the World Series as they took home the World Series title with a very young, upstart team. The heavy- hitting, slick- fielding Orioles, who also boasted the majors' top pitching staff, entered the Series clear favorites against the New York Mets. But the ?Miracle Mets?, after losing the opener, polished off Baltimore with four straight wins (Total World Series-Make 1). The

Free Essays on Ann Bradstreet

Anne Bradstreet â€Å"Gender† The Struggles and Fears of being a Puritan mother and a puritan woman, Bradstreet had trouble writing poetry in a patriarchal, unimaginative world. Although Bradstreet grew up in affluence with the luxury of an excellent education, she was expected to behave as a normal Puritan woman. She was the wife and child of colonial governor, but her status could not save her from the maltreatment and contempt of women stepping over the line. The Puritan belief that a woman’s place is in the home perturbed Bradstreet. She did not agree with the cultural bias toward women in her time. Bradstreet was criticized harshly for her role as a female writer; nevertheless, she wrote more and more about being a woman. She showed the world that being a woman was to her advantage in the realm of her poetry. As Perry Miller explains, in an era that subordinated women to men and men to God â€Å"women who stepped beyond their domestic defines through literature- by reading or writing- were considered dangerous to themselves and to society†¦Puritans expressed considerable scorn for women who wrote or published† (360-61). On the other hand, Elaine Showalter offers the remark that â€Å"Bradstreet’s writings [i.e. her important later writings] is more inflected by gender than by nationality; it is not American.† Alvin H. Rosenfeld states that â€Å"There is the primary fact the [Anne Bradstreet] was a woman poet, and we look to her accordingly for that special point of view that belongs to the feminine sensitivity and which, we hope, will provide certain details of life in early America missing in the writings of her Puritan brothers.† (Rosenfeld 1970, 79). In fact, many critics believe that Anne Dudley Bradstreet’s feminine sensibility has always attracted scholars searching for details of early American life absent from the writings of her male contemporaries. Some Critics make a range of claims abou... Free Essays on Ann Bradstreet Free Essays on Ann Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet â€Å"Gender† The Struggles and Fears of being a Puritan mother and a puritan woman, Bradstreet had trouble writing poetry in a patriarchal, unimaginative world. Although Bradstreet grew up in affluence with the luxury of an excellent education, she was expected to behave as a normal Puritan woman. She was the wife and child of colonial governor, but her status could not save her from the maltreatment and contempt of women stepping over the line. The Puritan belief that a woman’s place is in the home perturbed Bradstreet. She did not agree with the cultural bias toward women in her time. Bradstreet was criticized harshly for her role as a female writer; nevertheless, she wrote more and more about being a woman. She showed the world that being a woman was to her advantage in the realm of her poetry. As Perry Miller explains, in an era that subordinated women to men and men to God â€Å"women who stepped beyond their domestic defines through literature- by reading or writing- were considered dangerous to themselves and to society†¦Puritans expressed considerable scorn for women who wrote or published† (360-61). On the other hand, Elaine Showalter offers the remark that â€Å"Bradstreet’s writings [i.e. her important later writings] is more inflected by gender than by nationality; it is not American.† Alvin H. Rosenfeld states that â€Å"There is the primary fact the [Anne Bradstreet] was a woman poet, and we look to her accordingly for that special point of view that belongs to the feminine sensitivity and which, we hope, will provide certain details of life in early America missing in the writings of her Puritan brothers.† (Rosenfeld 1970, 79). In fact, many critics believe that Anne Dudley Bradstreet’s feminine sensibility has always attracted scholars searching for details of early American life absent from the writings of her male contemporaries. Some Critics make a range of claims abou...

Mastermind Groups

Mastermind Groups Last week I received a wonderful outpouring of understanding from my readers after reading Master Being Yourself. Thanks so very much. I do believe my new group of writers, a small group of like minds, is better for me. This same week, I was invited to a Mastermind Group. Sort of Karma-ish, I think. Here I am closing a painful door, yet another swings open. Id never heard of a Mastermind Group before, so I looked it up. a community of supportive colleagues who brainstorm together to move the members to new heights. Your mastermind group is like having an objective board of directors, a success team, and a peer advisory group, all rolled into one. See more at: thesuccessalliance.com/what-is-a-mastermind-group.html Mastermind groups have been around since the beginning of time, apparently. Benjamin Franklin belonged to a Junto, his title for such a group. Napoleon Hill in his timeless classic, Think And Grow Rich defines a Mastermind Group as, The coordination of knowledge and effort of two or more people, who work toward a definite purpose, in the spirit of harmony. No two minds ever come together without there Like I stated last week, we have to be happy in our own skins. However, theres nothing wrong with seeking feedback from others, because we dont have all the answers. We dont have to accept that feedback as gospel, but we must learn to appreciate there are options to the limited answers we know. The key is being open-minded about those answers, and mature enough to pick and choose what we want out of the mix and not take anything personal. In other words, remember the goal is still to be happy. Thats why you need a critique group, or beta group, or editorial consultant. Thats why your publisher and agent need to be on your side. Think of such feedback like the hardware store. You have a project (you), and to determine how to build it to the best of your ability, you go into the hardware store and study all the optional tools. You research, ask questions of the experts working in the store, then make your selection, go home, and build your project. Always remember: Advice is optional. The ultimate choices of molding yourself are your own. Regardless how you build, be happy with the result.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business Ethics - Essay Example The origins of the Kantian theory are from the Principles of Morals and Legislation in the year 1863. According to Kantian theory, there should be an attempt to make the world a better place and then to pursue the greatest good for an entire mass. Utility is to generate favourable impacts on the intrinsic values like, pleasure, preferences, ideas and happiness. According to Kant, the ethical values are recognized and are essential for identifying the second test of universalizabilty because more than often values are recognized in contradictions (Dimitriou et al, 2011). The rational beings are recognized as the individuals with the potentiality of the defining motives which are universally acceptable and widely recognized. The Kantian theory has provided me with significant inputs which have acted as a catalyst in the improvisation of my existing behaviour and performance in the existing organization. It has helped me to understand the significant difference between morality assumpti ons and rational choices (George, 2011). There have been various instances in my life where the solutions have stemmed out of Kantianism theory and have offered powerful moral insights and also, have helped in the reduction of the moral disagreements (Holme, 2008). The conflicts arising out of difference of opinions were resolved due to Kantianism theory (Pollock, 2011).The conflicts arising between family members due to difference in personal opinions, were settled with the guidance of Kantianism theory. The conflicts triggered by moral disagreements arising out of personated choices have been solved with the help of the guiding perspective of Kantianism theory. This thesis is utilized to refute idealism theories and states that these values within the ethical systems are of much worth. The theory lays emphasis on the fact that most of the moral values and ethical standards practiced by the society are justifiable. The unethical conduct practices in the organization are due to the failure of implementation of the moral values and standards. The permanent values cannot be embedded into the systems and is found to provide fruitfulness to the ethical theories and systems. The only minuscule difference is that it identifies the difference between the precepts behind the ethical principles and standards. However, this theory has various loopholes and lacks to serve the purpose of a guide. It is possible that an individual can face such a situation in any organization and thus, the employees can monitor the ethical system themselves. Utilitarianism Theory The Utilitarianism theory was evolved by Jeremy Bentham and suggests that a movement should focus on the right action which would serve the benefits of the mass. An action is either right or wrong, but if the action serves the welfare of a majority of the people, then it is following the guided path of the Utilitarianism concept (Roff, 2013). It is a technique which determines the moral value of an action. It help s us in judging the possibility of effects of our actions from the past on that of our present (Roff, 2013). The basic intention of this theory helps to unfold the reasons behind the implementation of moral values and ethics in a society or company. It is a systematic process to justify the moral standards of

Case Study analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis - Case Study Example It is an evident fact that communication is very important in a relationship. In such situations, in most cases, it has been observed that men communicate to achieve problem solution. This is similar in the case of western women but again the percentage is relatively low. Women are more likely to avoid the problem solving function of the communication between both the partners. In the chosen case of the marital couple, it becomes easy to understand that female partner is trying to discuss the issue with aggression (Broughton, 2008). The case also notes that both the partners are trying to set scores with each other which indicates the condition of conflict. It should be noted that if conflict resolution is not undertaken then it can lead up to complicated crisis between the couple. This is the situation where the Sum Zero concept is introduced which means that one of both the parties have to lose it to find out a resolution. This gives a lead to other situation where one party can ex pect a balance of score in any forthcoming conflict (Pappalardo, 1995). It should also be noted that the case under review is a conversation between a marriage couples who has egalitarian manner of relationship in which both the partners are empowered but the economic responsibilities of man makes him dominant in the relationship. The female oriented families (matriarchal couple) are those where a woman’s right must be completely considered as supreme. But in the case, it is to be noted that the male’s job is much important than the woman because of his limited scope of job (Hitch & Youatt, 2001). The conversation between the couple has been noted to be of less abusive language. There is no indication of abusive words used at regular interval showing that the couple is not from a very low socio-economic status. But it would be better to mention that the female partner needs to calm her tone so that the discussion between the couple can be taken easily so that they can find out the solution (Broughton, 2008). Recommendations: It is being suggested that women playing an emotional part in a relationship needs to evaluate communication function. At times, it is better to listen to the other partner when you do not seem to find out the relationship. In the evaluated case, it can be observed that male partner suggested her to have a new workplace to work because teaching is a very diverse field of interest. This notes that at least the male partner suggested a solution to the problem rather than just beating about the bush. Another situation analysis clause would be to let the other partner win. This does not make one lose it forever. A marital relationship is for life where one win can transform into another loss. This loss is not about property or possession but rather an argument or conflict. This practice is suggested to be solved through zero sum strategy. The use of power needs to be exercised when the family type is completely understood. Consid ering the fact that the couple is an egalitarian marriage bonded, it is suggested to the male partner to exercise his power for the need of elaborating decision making process to the female partner. And also, the woman partner needs to understand the imperativeness of the job of the man because he is the sole and base responsible end of the relationship in terms of

The period 1870 to 1914 In Germany Essay Example for Free

The period 1870 to 1914 In Germany Essay How Successfully in the period 1870 to 1914 did the ruling elites of Germany cope with the consequences of social and economic change? Introduction The period 1870 to 1914 involved significant social and economic pressures for change, not least in Germany. This essay will analyse how both Bismarck and Wilhelm II responded to these pressures and will examine how successful their responses were in coping with this change. A key change was the rapid industrialisation that put Germany ahead of Britain as Europes leading industrial power by 1914. This was reflected in the soaring of coal production, steel production, and the railway network, for example. Coal production grew from 89 million tons in 1890 to 277 million tons in 1914. However, it could be argued that Bismarck did not play an active role in economic policy, but did use it to his advantage. Historians such as Bohme point out that Bismarck merely rode and steered on the waves of Germanys economic life. The economic expansion had great implications for social and political change, as for instance an increase in the industrial workforce lead to demands for better working conditions, and an increase in Trade Union membership. As noted by Culpin Henig, there were some 2.6 million German workers who were members of trade unions by 1914. Such developments had frightened Wilhelm, like Bismarck before him, as they saw such minority groups as enemies of the state. Bismarcks strategy to Change Economic Change Spurred on by unification and an abundance of natural resources such as iron ore, Germany saw its industrial production soar. With support from financial institutions, this transformed Germany from what had been a predominantly agrarian to a major industrial state. Iron ore production soared from 2.9 million tons in 1870 to 2.2 million tons by 1890, whereas in Britain production of iron ore was 14 million tons in 1870, and had not changed by 1890. Expansion of the railways coerced the industrial growth in Germany, rising from 19.5 km in 1870, to 43 km in 1890. Agriculture did still play a vital role, act as a stimulus, due agrarian mechanisation. Bismarck however took little interest in the economy. Culpin Henig argue that this is ironic, as it was economic change that provided the greatest challenge to the stability of the empire. Bismarck embraced these changes as an opportunity to gain co-operation from the National Liberal Party at first, (the largest party in the Reichstag at the time), and also to gain military advantage. The chancellor had no party of his own, had common aims with the liberals such as national unity. By offering the liberals piecemeal concessions that at least appeared to favour free trade for example, he was assured of their support. In fact Bismarcks relationship with the Liberals was not insignificant. The so-called liberal era as Geoff Eley puts forward, produced an impressive concentration of forward looking legislation [and] an elaborate framework of capitalist enabling laws, hence promoting further economic development. Blackbaul and Ely portray Bismarck as very liberalising: Germany benefits from Bismarcks liberal and modernising tendencies. However, by the end of the 1870s Bismarck wished to discontinue granting the liberals concessions. Also, as competition from foreign imports grew, Bismarck faced increased pressure by the landed elites (the Junkers) and the Industrialists to increase economic protectionism. Bismarck believed in Real Politik, or the politics of realism. He responded accordingly to the demands of the Junkers and Industrialists. The additional attraction was that Germany would receive extra income from tariffs and that the country would be more self-sufficient. This increase in protectionism effectively ended the liberal era of Bismarcks chancellorship. Together with the system of Cartels already flourishing in Germany, the benefits of mass production remained with the Junkers and Industrialists, and were not passed on to the consumer. Social Change These intensive changes in Germanys economy had a significant impact on the society. The massive influx of workers from rural areas to cities and towns, resulted in people discovering new freedoms. With this new found freedom came increased demands for better working conditions, for instance, which fuelled an increase in trade union membership. The very speed of this industrialisation meant that society was less able to adjust than in Britain. Pulzer points to the dissonance of the economic dynamism of the Reich and the relative stagnation of its social norms and political institutions. Industrialisation did not usually involve social mobility, but a stratification of existing structures as S. Lee notes. For instance, the working classes increased in number and strengthened their identity, but this simply aggravated the suspicion of the social elites. The Prussian Junkers in particular felt threatened by these social changes (due to the decreasing role of agriculture in the economy), but as noted above, Bismarck took a change in direction to economic protectionism in an attempt to preserve their position. The middle classes were caught up between the working classes and the social elites. They had pressures below them from the working classes and from the Industrialists and Junkers above them. Their main aim was to maintain their position. Unification had involved the imposition of Prussian ideologies throughout the newly united Germany, in which Prussia was the dominant state. This presented Bismarck with a number of problems, one of which he saw as the Catholics, whom he viewed as the enemies of the state, partly for their dislike of Bismarckian politics. The Kulturkampf, or struggle for civilisation, was supported by the May Laws in 1873, which included the severing diplomatic relations with the Vatican and the removal of Catholic influence from society. The campaign in the main failed and was abandoned at the end of the 1870s, as Bismarck turned his attention to what he viewed as the menace of socialism and sought an defensive alliance with Austria. As C Grant Robinson put it, Bismarck deliberately sacrificed victory in the Kulturkampf to victory in other issues, more important in his judgement. This change of direction has often been referred to as political opportunism. With this change of direction Bismarck in the main severed his alliance with the German Liberals. This alliance had not lived up to the expectations of several influential groups in the Reich, which prompted Bismarck to switch towards economic and political conservatism. Agatha Ramm describes these changes as a coherent and systematic revision of policy in relation to the economic, social and financial needs of the Reich. Bismarck, partly looking to the events of the Paris Commune, took on a very anti-Socialist stance, as he saw the Socialists as the new enemies of the state. He sought to repress the Socialist movement, but this only seemed to serve to increase the popularity of the Socialist Workers Party. Bismarck tried to curtail this growth by means of legislation, which included the banning of socialist newspapers and meetings in Germany. Bismarck, realising that socialism could not be conquered by repression alone, introduced a programme of state socialism, which included medical insurance and sick pay. W.M Simon argues that this did not convince the workforce and hence they gave their support to the left. However, AJP Taylor suggests that this was not the case, indicating that workers had taken on an understanding that the more they co-operated with the state, the more rewards they would receive: the workers seemed to have received social security as the price of political subservience. Political Change There were political implications from the social diversity of Germany. There was an intention to rally to lower orders, by promoting nationalism through patriotism rather than socialism through internationalism as S Lee puts it. The elites put pressure on Bismarck to pursue an active foreign and colonial policy to promote this stance, to turn the lower orders attention away from the domestic social problems. The elites did their utmost to impose constraints to curtail any political expansion to the lower orders. Overall, Bismarck did all he could to stifle the development of parliamentary democracy in Germany. Whilst the Reichstag could comment on legislation, Bismarck had the power to veto anything. The parties in the Reichstag were more like sectional pressure groups, with membership centred around social class origins. Max Weber supports this viewpoint, noting that the German political system was merely sham constitutionalism. AJP Taylor sums up Bismarcks stance to democracy very effectively, in stating that Bismarck lived in an age of democracy and German power and he devoted his life to making these forces as harmless as possible. This did not bode well for the future, as Weber comments, Bismarck left behind him as political heritage a nation without any political education. He also emphasised that the country was accustomed that the statesman at its head would look after all policy for it. Bismarck wanted to be aware of potential threats to the state he had created, and once himself stated when we have arrived at good harbour, we should be content to cultivate and hold what we have won. In order to protect what he had achieved in a unified Germany, and in response to European pressure, Bismarck used his unique negotiating skills to forge a number of alliances, in an attempt to ensure European peace and avoid war on two fronts. A number of alliances were attempted to preserve peace in Europe, beginning with the dreikeiserbund, or league of 3 emperors in 1873, (involving alliances with Russia and Austria), and later a separate dual alliance with Austria alone, with Italy coming into the Fray in the late 1880s. Whilst these alliances in the main failed to run smoothly, they did at least restore order in Europe and ensure that the changes taking place in Germany were not impeded by an outside conflict. Wilhelm IIs Strategy to Change Wilhelm II stated that he wanted to appeal to all elements of society, and in doing so he pursued a number of random, ad hoc policies that appeared to be ill thought out indicating, lack of central direction and did not necessarily harness change to his advantage. Economic Change The spectacular pace of industrialisation, aided by significant population growth, served to propel Germany to the status a major industrial power in the years to 1914. The population increased from 49 million in 1890 to 65 million by 1910. Coal production increased from 89 million tons in 1890 to 277 million tons in 1914, whilst steel production over the same period increased from 2.3 million tons to 14 million tons. Advances in the railway network, and new industries such as chemicals and electricity coerced this economic expansion. Overall income per capita increased substantially relative to European peers , increasing living standards as a result. However, this economic prosperity was not shared by German agriculture, which had to be supported by substantial internal tariffs just to keep the Junker farmers solvent. Conversely, Wilhelm promoted greater economic liberalism, under his first Chancellor Caprivi, reducing certain tariffs in an effort to bolster free trade, but upsetting the Junkers in the process by reducing their income from agricultural tariffs. Wilhelm II harnessed this growth in economic power to build up Germanys military might, which included the merchant navy, to make it comparable to Britains. Volker Berghahn notes that the development of the navy was more for popular, patriotic emotion, rather than as a strategic weapon in its own right, inciting that it promoted national unity. With economic expansion on such a massive scale, it was bound to have deep social and political implications, which the Kaiser failed to realise. Germany became increasingly in such a strong position that could have frightened other European countries into defensive alliances against it. Social Changes The population of Germany increased rapidly, rising from 49 million in 1890 to 65 million by 1914 and many people found themselves living in cities close to their new industrial workplaces. Anti-socialist laws were allowed to lapse under Wilhelm, but as the 1890s progressed, under the influence of Industrialists and Junkers, the Kaiser became concerned at the number of concessions Trade Unions were winning. Working conditions improved significantly as a result, with reforms such as restricted Sunday hours. The Socialists in Germany were comparatively moderate, as the German workforce enjoyed a relatively high standard of living, which continued to improve. For instance, over the period 18895 to 1907, wages increased by some 100 percent, whilst the cost of living only rose 22 percent in the same period. Hence real wages and disposable income were outstripping the cost of living, which served to dampen Trade Union demands. It was because of this increase in affluence that support for Socialists grew, it could be argued. By 1912, the Socialists were the largest party in the Reichstag, which served to increase the Kaisers paranoia. Wilhelm himself commented, following these elections, the German Parliamentarian becomes daily more of a swine. Wilhelms attempts to curtail Socialism reflected Sammlungs politik, which was a policy of bringing together. This policy involved the bringing together under a common set of ideas, all grouping in Germany, with the exception of Socialists, and also the use of an active foreign policy. The main exponent of Sammlung Politik was Chancellor Bulow, who upset groups in the Reichstag, such as the Progressives, which pushed such groups towards Socialism. The next Chancellor, Hollweg, tried to stop this trend of an increase in support for the Socialists, and used many means that were at his disposal, such as the army and civil service, but his success in this respect was very limited. All the changes convinced the ruling elite that Socialism was a danger, but historians are divided on this point. For instance, when World War One broke out, the Socialists offered support, not typical of a revolutionary behaviour. In addition, to what uses would German workers turn their power, should they win it? The Socialist Democratic Party (SPD) suffered from lack of political education, as was evident in the fact they did not remove the Kaiser. So the attempt by the regime to crush socialism was not well thought out, as it did not pose any serious threat. The Kaisers campaign against Socialism at the beginning of the century offered no political concessions and is this respect was likely to spark domestic conflicts. Wilhelms attitude to the working classes contrasted sharply from that of the Junkers and Industrial elites, whose pleas he was very receptive to. This seems very contradictory, as the Kaiser in 1894 had proclaimed that he wanted to be the King of Beggars. Political Changes In effect, none of the four Chancellors under Wilhelm held any significant power, as Wilhelm would interfere in the business of the state, as his second Chancellor pointed out: if I cannot get the Kaisers consent for measures I regard as necessary, then I have no authority. Politically, Wehlr has described Wilhelm as being at the mercy of navy league nationalists, Junkers and industrialists. Whilst it was recognised that the Kaiser made all the decisions, he was greatly influenced by the Junkers, the Industrialists, the civil service and the army. This was against a background of democracy pretence in the Reichstag, which was effectively and constitutionally a talking shop. The Reichstag was not central or integral to the policy making process. There was immense resistance to political change, particularly in moves towards democracy. Wilhelm embraced conservative ideas that were so right wing they were almost fascist. Whilst there were major economic and social changes taking place inside and outside Germany, the political structure remained static. However, as time progressed there is evidence that the Reichstag began to fight back, for instance in 1912 the Kaiser tried unsuccessfully to pass a bill, intended to jail anyone stopping any man from working, or encouraging strikes. This was not the first occasion that the Reichstag had refused to pass anti-socialist and anti-union legislation. Above all, the Kaiser wanted a place in the sun for the Germans. The problem was that there was very little room left for new colonisation in the early part of 1900. Bulow suggested that the pace of economic expansion forced the need for colonisation: Our need for national development, mainly in the industrial sphere, forced us to cross the ocean. In spite of the fact that Germany was planning colonisation very late compared to other powers, the Kaiser built up the German military machine and under the Tirpitz Plan, and built a naval fleet to rival that of Great Britain. The term saber rattler sums up his politics as well as his personality. Historian Barbara Tuchman put it appropriately when she referred to the Kaiser as possessor of the least inhibited tongue in Europe. The Kaiser clearly wanted a world role for Germany, but the physical results of Weltpolitik were somewhat meagre. Conclusion The reaction on the part of both Bismarck and Wilhelm to the increasing but modest demands for social and political reform was to try to repress the forces of change, as both saw socialism as a significant threat to the regime. The key difference between Bismarck and Wilhelm was that Bismarck realised that he could not defeat socialism by repression alone. Comparing the policy styles of Bismarck and Wilhelm, it appears that in spite of Bismarcks adherence to real politik, he still maintained a clearer sense of direction than Wilhelm, whose policies seemed ill thought out and lacking direction. As noted by Mosse, although Bismarck played his hand with great skill, it was a good one in the first place. Sturmer supports this argument by stating that Bismark was good at diplomatic games. It is clear then that when the regime fell into the hands of Wilhelm, who according to Rhal dreamt up policies, pursued and made a mess of policies, there were socio-political implications for Germany, which it seemed by 1914 could only be alleviated by a short, sharp, victorious war. Bibliography. Culpin, C Henig, R ( 1998). Modern Europe 1870-1945. Longman Advanced Hisory. Lee, S (19). Germany 1870-1918 Morris, TA, (1995). European History 1848-1945. University Tutorial Press Limited. German News Magazine, (1998). Otto Von Bismarck, Founder of the German Empire.

Oliver Twist Essay -- essays research papers

Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist, in 1883, to show the reader things as they really are. He felt that the novel should be a message of social reform. One of its purposes was to promote reform of the abuses in workhouses. In no way does Dickens create a dream world. His imagination puts together a bad place during a bad time; an English workhouse just after the Poor Law Act of 1834 (Scott-Kilvert, 48). In the first chapter of Oliver Twist, Dickens moves from comedy to pathos and from pathos to satire. He takes us from the drunken old woman to the dying mother to the hardened doctor. Such rapid switches help in all the later novels to hold together disparate effects, to provide variety and unity, and to give that double opportunity for comedy and pathos that Dickens admired in stage melodrama (Scott-Kilvert, 47). In this first chapter, Dickens also captures life and death in a single sentence, "Let me see the child, and die." (Dickens, 2). This sums up the mother's will to see the newborn baby, and takes a short stride from birth to death. Dickens seems to create his characters to open the reader's eye's to the true characteristics of their nature. One of his subjects are conditioned human nature and the relationship of the individual to his environment (Scott-Kilvert, 47-48). In Oliver Twist, Dickens attempts to free his characters of any influence of their environment. He muddles the message of the novel by making Oliver immune to an environment which is denounced as necessarily corrupting (Price, 86). Dickens created Oliver's character to be virtuous and innocent. He put many stressed tests on him in the course of the book. Dickens comes close to endangering Oliver's idealized virtue, though; in the great temptation scene in Chapter 18 (Scott-Kilvert, 49). This is where the child is being carefully brainwashed, first cunningly cold-shouldered and isolated, then cunningly brought in the deadly warmth of the thieves' family circle (Scott-Kilvert, 49). Oliver was but too glad to make himself useful; too happy to have some faces, however bad, to look upon; too desirous to conciliate those about him when he could honestly do so; to throw any objection in the way of this proposal. So he at once expressed his readiness; and, kneeling on the floor, while Dodger sat upon the table so that he could take his foot in his lap, he applied himself to... ...uous are prosecuted by the rich and corrupt (Gerould, 287). The motive force of melodrama is the villain. The dynamic and sinister figure recognized by the audience as the embodiment of evil (Gerould, 287). The result is usually a happy one for the sympathetic character, resulting in just rewards and punishments and affirming the laws of morality and the benevolent wakings of providence (Gerould, 287). This is so true of the literary work of art of Oliver Twist. Dickens allowed virtue and good prevail over crime and evil. This book was clearly made to show the reality of the world. Dickens does not create a dream world that captures the optimism of readers. He is truly showing things as they really are; how hte world really is. He carefully planned his setting and his description of places so theat he could capture every detail of the hard life. As Martin Price put it in Dickens, "Oliver Twist is not a satisfying novel-it does not liberate us" (Price, 84-385). Dickens' purpose was to spark a sense of rage through peoples hearts towards the English workhouses. He was promoting reform by getting the people "involved" in the melodramatic novel of Oliver Twist.

Critical incident in public health Essay

This script is an analysis of a critical incident which occurred during a home visit in one of the suburbs of Cape Coast Metropolis. A brief description of the incident will be given including the interventions that were given and recommendations for future occurrence. I will apply the Gibbs (1988) reflective model to identify strengths and weaknesses observed in the analysis and how they may be enhanced. In conclusion, the lessons gathered from the incident will be stated. Pseudonyms will be used here to maintain confidentiality. NMC (2000) Critical incidents are defined as extreme behavior either outstandingly effective or ineffective with respect to attaining the general aims of the activity. The procedure has considerable efficiency because of the use of only the extremes of behavior. It is well known that the extreme incidents can be more accurately identified than behavior which is more nearly average in character. Flanagan (1954). If we were to add the critical incident to Cre swell’s (1998) list of qualitative traditions, we would describe its distinctive features as the following; a) Focus is on critical events, experience of a specific situation or event. b) Discipline origin is from individual trial and organizational psychology. c) Data collection is primarily through interviews either in person or on telephone. During a home visit exercise to one of the communities within the catchment area of the public health unit, we went to a house to see the clients who visit our facility for child welfare clinic. On this visit, we seized the opportunity to address the health needs of the house hold members as it was observed to have problems with environmental hygiene. This was when one member of the house told us about a pregnant woman who abuses alcohol. I was alarmed to hear that, so this got me curious to learn more. Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or the methods which are themselves harmful. Some of the drugs often associated with this term includes; alcohol, barbiturates, substituted amphetamines, cocaine and opiods. Mosby’s Medical Nursing and Allied Health dictionary (2002). Public health practitioners have attempted to look at substance use from a broader perspective than the individu al, emphasizing the role of society, culture  and availability. A study done in 2010 asked drug-harm experts to rank various illegal and legal drugs. Alcohol was found to be the most dangerous by far. Behave net.com. Madam AA is a 24 year old woman who co habits with a blind man, her boyfriend. The man takes care of her especially all her financial needs but she has one particular problem which according her is the cause of her recent drinking habit. According to madam AA, she wished her boyfriend had performed the necessary marriage rite so that she can also be addressed as a â€Å"Mrs.† Earlier on, Madam AA admitted that, she used to drink alcohol occasionally but the trend has now increased to drinking alcohol every day, an act her boyfriend and siblings abhors very much. Upon further questioning, she admitted that she has defaulted from Antenatal Care (ANC) services because the Tablet Fersolate she takes changes the color of her stools to green which is unpleasant to her. The public health nurse educated Madam AA on some of the benefit s that one can get from attending ANC services. A colleague also promised her to substitute the Tablet Fersolate with Tablet Vitafol which she agreed to. Madam AA’s sister added that her drinking habit is so bad that she normally trips over the abdomen. I spoke to Madam AA about the danger she is exposing her unborn child and that of her own life to. I encouraged her to try and stay away from friends who normally go out with her to drink alcohol. I also encouraged her sister to be a â€Å"watch woman† for her in order to prevent any accident in the future. Traditional pediatric care is often based on the assumption that parents have the basic knowledge and resources to provide a nurturing, safe environment and to provide for the emotional, physical, developmental, and health care needs of their infants and young children. Unfortunately, many families have insufficient knowledge of parenting skills and an inadequate support system of friends, extended family, or professionals to help with these vital tasks. Home-visit ation programs offer an effective mechanism to ensure ongoing parental education, social support, and linkage with public and private community services(†¦) The following day, we visited Miss AA at home. On this day, unlike the previous one when we met Miss AA drunk and unkempt, she really appeared neat. She had seen to her personal hygiene needs, did not have the alcoholic breath smell and was assisting a neighbor in preparation of food for a  naming ceremony later in the afternoon. We advised her to turn down any alcoholic beverage she may be served with, which she agreed to. The Vitafol pills were then handed over to her as promised and she was congratulated for staying away from alcohol. My feelings about Madam AA’s drinking habit reminded me of what we have been taken through on the subject of substance abuse especially alcohol being the most dangerous of these substances. I was however astonished to see a young woman who was so careless with her life. In fact, immediately I saw Madam AA, for the first time, I was prejudiced. I thought for a moment that she may be suffering from one form of psychosis or the other. This was when I realized that, keeping this woman at home was not the best of options for her. I just judged her in my heart without thinking professionally. She actually needed care in the psychiatric hospital. She needs to see a psychologist for sessions. Being on admission for monitoring would have been the best of alternative for her but all I could do was judge her. On evaluation, a small but growing body of research has supported the effectiveness of home-visitation programs. The following benefits have been found as an outcome of some, but not all home visitor programs. Olds DL, Kitzman H. Review of research on home visiting for pregnant women and parents of young children. Future Child. 1993;3:53–92 According to Olds DL, Henderson CR Jr, Tatelbaum R, Chamberlin R.,(1993) in the journal, Improving the delivery of prenatal care and outcomes of pregnancy: a randomized trial of nurse home visitation. Pediatrics. prenatal benefits of home visiting includes; Increased use of prenatal care, increased birth weight, decreased preterm labor and increased length of gestation, increased use of health and other community resources (eg, prenatal visits, well-child visits, family, planning programs for women, infants, and children [WIC], and immunizations, improved nutrition during pregnancy, fewer urinary tract infections during pregnancy, increased attendance at childbirth classes and decrease in maternal smoking and alcohol intake. The bad aspect of Madam AA’s situation was, she was prone to falls and normally topples over her abdomen but that never deter her from drinking the  next day. In addition to her accidents, she had also defaulted from her ANC attendance so there was very little to learn from the progress of her pregnancy. That is, the present state of her fetus and that of her own health was unknown. In a report by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) released on September 9, 2013, it stated that women who drink alcohol while pregnant increase the risk that their infants will have physical, learning, and/or behavior problems, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). These problems are caused by alcohol and can be permanent. Alcohol can disrupt fetal development at any stage during a pregnancy, even before a woman knows she is pregnant. If a woman is pregnant, there is no known amount or type of alcohol that is safe for her to drink. To prevent problems like FASD, a woman who is pregnant or likely to become pregnant should not drink alcohol. However, the good aspect of the situation was our meeting with Madam AA was very timely so we gave the necessary education on the importance of attending ANC service. We informed her that this will help assess her condition and that of the unborn child. In addition we spoke to her on the need to abstain from alcohol so it however not surprising that we met her the next day in a better condition than the previous day., In analysis, public health nurses have been viewed as advocates of the poor, the disadvantaged, minorities, and any population groups in need of community-based, prevention-oriented health care services. As early as 1859, with the founding of the first district nursing association, nurses were viewed not as mere attendants of the sick, but as social reformers. Public Health Reports nurses were strategically located to become responsive to their communities’ unmet needs. (Gardner, M. S.: Public health nursing. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1917.) In this incident, I realized that the public health nurses do well to visit the various homes but their intervention to problem encountered is very minimal. For instance, in Miss AA’s case, it can clearly be seen that we should have made the appropriate referral for further management but that could not be done. We just counseled her and left her to her own fate. I therefore recommend that, the public health nurses will make contacts with other institutions for either curative or rehabilitative purposes. This will help in the proper referral  and further management of cases that are identified in the communities. I also recommend that certain special cases identified in the communities should be followed up on to know the outcome of the visit. Again, logistics such as easy means of transportation for the nurses to their various catchment areas should be provided. This will help in transporting any emergencies encountered in the communities to the appropriate facilities so that lives can be saved. In conclusion, there’s much to be gained from effective home visit such as identifying high risk persons and offering the appropriate intervention. In using the component of nursing service, assessment of Miss AA led us to the root cause of her drinking alcohol, she was educated and counseled but continuous support and arrangement for referral to the appropriate facility for further management was not done. Despite the intuitive appeal of deploying health care professionals whose target of care is the whole community, public health nursing has not been firmly institutionalized in the nation’s health care system. Indeed, in many metropolitan areas, PHN services are facing unprecedented budget cutbacks and staffing reductions. List of references 1. Schieber GJ, Poullier JP, Greenwald LM. Health care systems in twenty four countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 1991;10:22–38 2. Kamerman SB, Kahn AJ. Home health visiting in Europe. Future Child. 1993;3:39–52 3. Buhler-Wilkerson K. Public health nursing: in sickness or in health? Am J Public Health. 1985;75:1155–1161 4. Weiss HB. Home visits: necessary but not sufficient. Future Child. 1993; 3:113–128 5. Baker JP. Women and the invention of well child care. Pediatrics. 1994; 94:527–531 6. Chapman J, Siegel E, Cross A. Home visitors and child health: analysis of selected programs. Pediatrics. 1990;85:1059–1068 7. . Olds DL, Kitzman H. Review of research on home visiting for pregnant women and parents of young children. Future Child. 1993;3:53–92 8. Olds DL, Henderson CR Jr, Tatelbaum R, Chamberlin R. Improving the delivery of prenatal care and outcomes of pregnancy: a randomized trial of nurse home. Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublic ations.org at Ghana:AAP Sponsored on April 2, 2014

Analysis of the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost shows the narrator coming to a fork in the wood, which offers two paths to take. By use of symbolism and various verb tenses in different stanzas the author was able to convey the overall meaning of the poem. The narrator scrutinized the road but does not find a noticeable difference in the two paths and thus was stuck deciding whether which road is the better decision. However, in the fourth stanza, by the allegory â€Å"I took the one less traveled by† shows that the narrator wishes to take the path which leads to individualism. The narrator portrayed that in life there are decisions we must make that must be based on our own agenda. Symbols also play in defining the meaning of the poem. The symbol of the color yellow is use to show more than just the narrator’s cowardice, but also yellow represents autumn meaning the author is at the end of his life which indicates that he has wasted his whole life in indecision. Other symbols such as â€Å"two roads† and â€Å"one traveler† in the first stanza show the idea of free choice and individualism of the narrator. We can also tie in to the fact that because the roads lies in the woods, and that roads represents free choice, the overall idea would be comparable to free choice and fate. You are free to choose what choice to make but in the end the choices you make are still a part of your fate. In the first three stanzas the poem is written in past tense, but in the fourth stanza the poem is written in future tense. By repeating â€Å"two roads diverged in a wood† in the fourth stanza the narrator is implying that he is reflecting upon if the choice he had made was the better of the two choices. The first three stanzas of the poem being in past tense hints that he is looking back at his past, but the fourth stanza shows us the narrator is hoping â€Å"somewhere ages and ages hence† the decision he made will benefit him. In addition, because the narrator is still uncertain if the choice he made was the better of the two, we can concludes that he is still reflective on whether which road he should have took, hence the title â€Å"The Road Not Taken. † Partially, the poem tells us about the narrator’s fear of regrets which eventually leads to his indecisiveness in choice of what road to travel. The fear of making mistakes from either choice had excluded the narrator from taking any action. . Frost’s point is to acknowledge the fact that in life there are choices where uncertainty makes choosing difficult, and often we are paralyzed by the fact of making the â€Å"wrong choice. † Words such as â€Å"sorry,† â€Å"sigh,† and â€Å"doubted† shows the authors regrets and concern for making the wrong choice. The last stanza offered the author’s apprehension furthermore of whether which road he should take with the stuttered â€Å"I. † Although in the last two lines the narrator says he takes â€Å"the [road] less traveled by, and that has made all the difference,† the use of the word difference is ironic to what the poem has states in retrospective about the similarity of the roads. In the poem The Road Not Taken the narrator’s idea of non-conformity coupled with the fear of regrets from making the wrong choice apprehended him from making any decisions. The Road Not Taken shows us that the choices we make in life should be based on our individual values.

Insomnia Literature Review Essays

Insomnia Literature Review Essays Insomnia Literature Review Essay Insomnia Literature Review Essay Currently scientists and researchers are studying insomnia and discovering more and more about the disorder with each experiment these experts are performing. Researchers at Clemson University executed an experiment on how Insomnia and sleeping problems similar to those of insomnia affect social functioning. Approximately four hundred students were gathered together to help with testing and results have not come back yet. (Medication, Into. , 2012) Another study showed that listening to music could help prevent insomnia. This research used fourteen females and six males. The scientists picked ten people to use the new HIRED system and other normal aids and the other ten people were to be put in the wait-list control group. (Medication, Into. , 2012) Hundreds of other projects, research, experiments, and studies are going on to find out more about insomnia and how it can be cured or prevented. The articles used for the current events on insomnia agree and disagree on several things. One way in which every single one of the articles agree is by saying that when people get more sleep, those people will get rewarded somehow in the long run. A few of the articles that were used in studying this disorder agreed that sleeping more at night could help those people lose weight. One article that was used said that sleeping pills and tranquilizer could increase a persons risk of death, #4, 2010) while another article used in this research said that prescription pills could be used to prevent insomnia. (Medication, Into. , 2012) With the research that is currently being put towards this disorder, researchers should start to agree more on insomnia and ways to prevent or cure it. An article that was used made the statement that pills prescribed or bought ETC to cure or prevent insomnia can actually increase a persons risk of death. (#4, 2010) Heath Ledgers death in 2008 caused a lot of confusion and curiosity as what sleeping pills are really doing for people. When an autopsy returned after Ledgers death, the results showed that he had Axon, Valid, Restorer, and several other drugs to aid his prescription medicine and multiple amounts of those medicines could be fatal. Another article said that Americans suffer from insomnia more, compared to other countries. #8, 2012) With this being said, Americans should start to wonder why that is true and how it can be changed. Problems that were in some of the current event articles for this disorder were weight gain and weight loss and how insomnia can cause these things. By getting a lately amount of sleep, weight loss could be a result. (Medication, Into. , 2012) Doctors have recently been saying that the solution to weight loss is not as simple as eating healthy, working out and sleeping more, but that sleeping behaviors should not be disregarded when trying to lose weight. Another source says that when people suffering from obesity lose weight, better sleep will also be an outcome. Another problem that was in an article used for this research was Heath Ledgers death. His death was a huge eye opener and extremely tragic for most of society. Ledgers death roved to us that consulting a physician about medications is necessary and mixing certain pills can be a matter of life or death. (#4, 2010) The information used to complete this research seemed to be correct except for one questionable article. The only misleading article was one that said taking sleeping pills could increase your risk of death. (#4, 2010) Along with that, the article continued on to say that someone who doesnt smoke, drink, and is physically fit would have their mortality rate increase by thirty six percent. What the researchers said was not wrong, but it was misleading due to the fact that the scientists said aging sleeping pills could cause a persons life to end earlier than necessary. If this article had been typed out more carefully and clearly, confusion wouldve most likely been avoided. Insomnia rates are increasing extremely fast in America and it is affecting Americans in a negative way. Productivity, weight gain or obesity, social abilities, depression and even death are some of the possible side effects of this disorder. Hopefully with all the research being put into this disorder, scientists can learn of more ways to decrease Americas insomnia rates and discover how to prevent insomnia. Thanks to researchers work, people now know that getting more sleep cause benefit them in many ways. Benefits that were discovered through the research for this assignment include, improved alertness, reduction in pain, weight loss and/or decreased body fat, aid for ones depression, stable appetite, improved memory and productiveness, prevention of breast cancer, and also longer life expectancy. If people sleep, on average, at least seven hours per night and no more than nine hours each night, they can gain these benefits as well. When and if this ever happens for America, the results could be astounding.

Sharing Content On Social Media More Than Once Slide Deck

Sharing Content On Social Media More Than Once Slide Deck Download slide deck†¦ Sharing your content on social media more than once is one of the best ways to hack your content and bring more traffic to your blog. Its true–just look at this simple chart: Double the traffic. Bam! One of the biggest mistakes we make as bloggers is to give our content the one-tweet treatment. We slave away on our post for hours to only share it with our audience once. This might be costing you traffic. Of course, even if you are already sharing your post more than once – is it really enough? Are your messages as effective as they should be? This week, we are officially releasing this comprehensive (and free) slide deck to tackle these questions head on. In the slides, we outline a step-by-step process for  sharing your post more than once via social media in a way that wont make you look like a spammer or an over-the-top self promoter. It really isnt enough to just promote your content more than once. You need to know how to do it right. Free Slide Deck: How To Share Your Post More Than Once Via Social MediaHow Do I Share Content On Social Media  More Than Once?   The first step in the process really comes down to developing the right type of social sharing schedule. As Ive shared before, the process we use here at looks something like this. Once our blog post goes live, the following sharing schedule immediately takes effect. On publish  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Social message sent when blog post goes live Same day  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Initial social messages trickle out to your accounts over the next 2-3 hours. Next day  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Messages are shared again on the appropriate social channels. Next week  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Another series of messages are pre-scheduled and sent the following week. Next month  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Even more social messages are pre-scheduled for the following month. Next _____  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Additional messages can optionally be scheduled for the three-month mark or beyond. Of course, this isnt an exact science. We occasionally (ok, frequently) modify this schedule to suit the content and subject that we are sharing. In fact, we have several evergreen posts that are still shared several times per week, even if it has been months since they were originally published. Another good example of a post that deviated form this schedule was our post about  11 Content Marketing Misconceptions That Make You Sound Dumb. Because this post included 11 different tips that each had their own unique image/cartoon, we spread out the social messages over many weeks, slowly dripping out each unique image. This method of reposting blog content brought us a steady stream of traffic and made it one of the best performing blog posts of the month all because we took the time to properly promote our content on social media. Do This Instead Of Writing Your Next Blog Post Recently, I have started giving writers the permission they need to write less content. That may surprise you. For many years, quantity was king. The more content you could muster, the better. This isnt the case anymore. Now, quality matters, and Google is pretty serious about making people understand that. When it comes to writing your next blog post, put the writing on hold, and spend some time promoting a previous piece of content instead.   To do this, make sure that your social media schedule is well cared for. Are you sharing your content on an even schedule, or are some messages being clumped together? Are your messages unique, or are they just repeating the same old headline and link? Are you missing some big opportunities for reposting blog content? The key is to identify and respond to sharing opportunities that you currently arent taking advantage of, filling in the gaps with great content that you already have in your arsenal. Before you go on creating another piece of content, make sure youve promoted your other stuff well. Before you create another piece of content, make sure that youve promoted the rest of it well.When Sharing Content On Social Media, How Do I Create Something Others Will Share? When reposting our content, not only do we need to share our content more than once, but we need to add some variety to what we are posting as well. It takes very little effort to create a Tweet of Facebook post that uses nothing more than a headline and link. Anyone can do that, and more than likely, youve done it a time or two as well. Try mixing this up. In the slide deck above, we actually outline several new methods that you can use to mix-up your social media content. There are many types of messages that you can choose from. Direct and easy (post title and link) Ask a question (stir up conversation) Cite a fact (from the post itself) Share a quote (like a blockquote) And Intrigue (something special is inside) These simple messages types are easy to learn and remember, and can be quickly adopted by any team. Download the slides, commit them to memory, and make sure to incorporate these types of messages in your social sharing plans. How Do I Optimize My Content For Each Network?

Describing and explaining the picture attached Essay

Describing and explaining the picture attached - Essay Example There are rough expressions of colors, and a feeling comes that one of the colors has been ripped off at many a places, giving the feel of an old, worn-out painting. The overall look of the painting appears to be flat because the artist has not used vivid colors to distinguish one object from another. The proportion of the size of all objects is regular. Although there is not a clear message in the painting, yet I feel that there is a very deep note, keeping in view the murkiness of the white and black color that rules the painting. There is a sense of gloominess; and, the mother seems sad, but the presence of her baby is a spark of life. The painter has tried to reinforce the truth of life, which is a combination of sadness and happiness, or of dark and light shadows in life. Sadness rules in the painting, as the mother is not able to cope with the stressful moments of her life; while, joy is also there in the form of a

Critical Review on Mcnair chapter 2 from his An Introduction to Essay

Critical Review on Mcnair chapter 2 from his An Introduction to Political Commun - Essay Example He has considered three elements to be important for the establishment of democracy which include rational choice, constitutionality and participation. The author has also discussed the importance of public opinion by calling it a ‘public sphere’ and considered it the collective thoughts and opinions of people about political leaders. Lastly, the book highlights the role of media in the process of political communication. The chapter two of the book ‘Politics, democracy and media’ vividly explains the three features of politics, media and democracy with respect to political communication process. The author has identified several aspects that make up the democratic process. The first among the three elements of a democratic regime is constitutionality which is known as the set of rules and procedures that explain the election process and the conduct of people participating in the process. The second element is participation which represents the number of peo ple that have been legally permitted to vote. For instance, the segments of people that have been bestowed with the right to vote are considered to be eligible to participate in voting process. It means that the societies that have deprived its majority of people from a giving a right to vote are not democratic in its essence. The third factor explaining the democratic process is rational choice which includes not only having the right of choosing between the two political parties but also exerting the right as well. The chapter two of McNair’s book explains another important aspect with respect to political communication which is public opinion. McNair defines public opinion as the private thoughts and opinions of general public regarding the political processes surrounding their country. It is believed to be an important characteristic of a democratic process that it taken into consideration the public opinion of people as manifested by the vote they cast in a collective ma nner favoring one political party. In other words, a democratic government comes into being as a result of the votes given to them by the majority of people in a country representing their public opinion. The author has used the term public sphere for public opinion also which means the arena of social life that gives rise to the formation of public opinion. The book gives a comprehensive understanding of another significant factor playing its part in the democratic process; media. There are five major characteristics of an effective media that is characteristic of a democratic process. Firstly, the media should be able to truly inform the citizens of a country about what is happening around them. It implies explaining the role of media as the force monitoring the activities of a society. Secondly, the media has an educative role that explains the facts of the society by making the people aware of the meanings of various things occurring around them. Thirdly, the media is said to be playing an important role in forming public opinion by providing them with information about the opinions of general public through the platform of media. Fourthly, the media publicizes the part that governmental and public institutions are playing in the interest of general public. For instance, media has been playing an important role in highlighting scandals of various corporations and political organizations thus enabling the citizens to form an opinion for or against them. It hints on the objectivity of media that does not rely on biases and prejudiced

Change Management of People and Technology in an ERP Implementation Assignment - 1

Change Management of People and Technology in an ERP Implementation - Assignment Example Although the company had an internal IT department, its operation was not done in an efficient way. Similarly, the firm had poor application domain knowledge so that they struggled to carry out various functions effectively. Therefore, company management believed that the proposed strategy would assist the organization to improve its weaker areas. The case writers assert that the ‘areas of relative strength’ of the selected approach as ‘High’, ‘High’, and ‘Low’. It must be noted that a concept of expertise ‘buying in’ is associated with this approach rather than risking with unorganized development strategies. Since the proposed strategy was decided to acquire from a third party, it was possible for them to obtain high software expertise and application domain expertise. On the other hand, when purchasing an ERP approach from a third party vendor, probably the package may contain poor local company knowledge. Therefore, it is clear why the writers ranked ‘3rd party modified off-the-shelf solution’ as ‘High’, ‘High’, and ‘Low’ in terms of relative strength areas. Several problems encountered during the selection and implementation phases of the project. According to Edwards and Humphries, the chief executive officer and other senior managers had only a little knowledge regarding the proposed project. Since the persons at the helm of affairs lacked adequate information regarding the structure of the approach, they could not properly organize their employees. Naturally, this situation led the project to an operational failure. Similarly, PowerIT failed in the selection of a business development manager also. The firm gave emphasis only on the technical skill of the manager, but the appointed manager did not have sufficient social skill which was essential while operating in a traditional manufacturing environment. As a result, it caused some persona l conflicts between business development manager and other managers; and subsequently, lack of coordination in the project implementation phases. Even though none of the vendors submitted the project model in an accurate manner, the development manager awarded the contract to a vendor without considering the option for a review. Since the development manager could not get willing staff to attend the user group meetings, he made their attendance mandatory and that led to inactive participation. The new system was implemented in 2000 and some organizational sections viewed the system a failure one year after its full implementation. As Edwards and Humphries say, a considerable decline in productivity was the most major issue after the project implementation. The ‘brown paper mapping’ undertaken by business development manager was another issue encountered after the project implementation phase as it was not used for any detailed analysis. It is a known fact that the effec tiveness of an organization largely depends on the knowledge and experience of its employees. However, we have seen that even PoweIT’s CEO did not have adequate knowledge regarding the implemented project and it added to the strategic failure of the company. Moreover, the inefficient PowerIT management could not integrate the implemented changes into the existing structure of the organization and that gradually led to customer dissatisfaction.