Signs Essay -- essays research papers

The movie Signs by M. Night Shyamalan is an excellent movie that explains how reflections and occurrences of the past can influence your overall perceptions and views of the future. It takes place in a small recruit town where everyone knows each other very well. A single father is forced to continue raising his two young children due to the tragic terminal of his wife who was involved in a fatal car accident. This causes him to resign from his preaching career and become a stay at home farmer due possibly to his question of faith. Being a preacher, this man must have thought that nothing would have ever happened to him because of the carriage that he reacted to the stimuli. He was probably one preacher of only a few in the whole area. With the arrival of extra terrestrials all over the globe, including in the corn crops of his farm, this already upset father ends up with his hands full of problems that he is unwilling to accept and face. It is hard to under carrel what this man has had to deal with. in that location is an extreme lack of communication in this household and something happened for a rea parole to bring them back together and much more tightly knit. The presence of the uncle has been positive and well sure during these tough times for the whole family. There are many theories that can describe what is happening. They are the attribution theory, causal attribution theory and the social sagacity theory which will be included in the following paragraphs.First of all, the social penetration theory is a theory that we as people confess to others in stages like pieces of a pie. Each piece is different facets of self and has the potential to be superficial or deep. It was very interesting to analyze how things were, or more the less werent communicated in this seemingly lifeless household. The children did not talk or play like most children grow up doing. There was a blank stare on their faces most of the time and their voices were monotone. The father would experience flashbacks of the incident where his wife was killed which was sending him a message that he ask to change his ways of non communication towards his children. Even in the case of traumatic events, it is necessary to talk about them to ensure closure and strength to the survivo... ...the children live their lives the way that they should. He was punishing himself as well as his surroundings for something he could not have controlled. A main point that his wife made for him which he recalled was that everything happens for a reason. That is what triggers his change of attitude and communication skills.Overall, this movie made me realize how important interpersonal communication is. If there were to be a sequel to this movie, I think that there would be a significant change in communication between everyone. Especially after the father is faced with the possibility of his son dying because of an asthma attack. There are many theories that can explain what causes the actions and behaviors in the movie. The one that best explains what is going on is the attribution theory because of the give circumstances and how the events that occurred caused a chain reaction that affected everyone in the family. It created a snowball effect of denial until finally the father decides that he must stand up and face reality. Interpersonal communication is and will always remainideal to the success in families whether they suffer from trauma or not.

Therapeutic Benefits of Stem Cells Essay -- Science Health Technology

Therapeutic Benefits of Stem Cells A stubble cell is a cell which can grade into any other type of cell in the body. It can become a blood cell, a liver cell, or even a kindling cell. The only problem with stem cells is that they can only be found in the bone marrow of living humans or the gonadal weave of developing fetuses. There are many people who believe that stem cells are the miracle therapeutic for cancer, Parkinsons, and many other terminal diseases, but there are large groups of people opposed to the use of stem cells because of the means by which they are attained. This debate will go on indefinitely, because there are pontifical amounts of support for both sides of the issue. The many benefits of stem cells out weigh the ethical issues behind the retrieval methods. There are many diseases that can be vulcanised with stem cells. Lou Gehrigs disease is a disorder in which the nerve cells which operate muscles degrade over time (Langreth, 2001). There is no certain cu re for the disease, but embryonic stem cells have been known to differentiate into motor neurons (Langreth, 2001). The fact that stem cells can become motor neurons is astonishing because they can pass on to a cure for Lou Gehrigs disease. The possibility of curing this disease has many positive implications. Before, anyone who developed this condition was labeled as dead because there was no possibility of curing the disorder. The fact that we have a chance to cure this disease through the use of stem cells gives the people who suffer from the disease a glimmer of hope that they can be cured. Another disease which can possibly be cured through the use of stem cells is X-SCID. X-SCID is an X-linked immunodeficiency that is genetically inherited... ...5F0+ds+%5Fs%5F0+dstb+KS+fcl+Aut+hd+0+hs+0+or+ hear+ri+KAAACBVB00236207+sm+KS+ss+SO+C061&cf=1&fn=1&rn=1&+KS+so+b+ss+SO+C495&cf=1&fn=311&rn=3194. Langreth, Robert. Daring to Live. Retrieved March 25, 2003 from http//web13.epnet.co m/citation.asp?tb=1&_ug=dbs+0+ln+en%2Dus+sid+EEDE302C%2DD4AF%2D4AE5%2D8E99%2D32B074FDD225%40sessionmgr3%2Dsessionmgr4+2762&_up=dba+aphdeh+st+alpha+43DB&_us=bs+ALS++AND++stem++cells+ds+ALS++AND++stem++cells+dstb+KS+hd+0+hs+0+or+Date+ri+KAAACBVB00282442+sm+KS+so+b+ss+SO+1F99&cf=1&fn=1&rn=1&5. FDA Consumer. Temporary duty tour on Gene Therapy Trials. Retrieved March 25, 2003 from http//web13.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=1&_ug=dbs+0+ln+en%2Dus+sid+EEDE302C%2DD4AF%2D4AE5%2D8E99%2D32B074FDD225%40sessionmgr3%2Dsessionmgr4+2762&_us=bs+X%2DSCID+ds+X%2DSCID+dstb+KS+gl+%5Fs%5F8+hd+0+hs+0+or+Date+ri+KAAACBVB00282749+sm+KS+so+b+ss+SO+CBEE&cf=1&fn=1&rn=1&

The First World War (WWI) :: World War 1 I One

Beginning of the warWorld war I began in the Balkans, which was the same place many small war took place.The assassination of the ArchdukeArchduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir of the throne of Austria-Hungary he hoped that his sympathy for the Slavs would ease the tension between Austria-Hungary and the Balkans.He and his wife had arranged to tour Bosnia. As the couple rode through Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, an Asian by the name of Gavrillo Principe jumped on their car and fired two shots. Francis and Sophie, did almost instantly, Gavirle Principe, was think to a Serbian terrorist group called the Block hand.The Assignation gave Austria-Hungary a good reason to crush Serbia, a lay time emerge in the Balkans. exactly first they gained Germanys promise to support them in any action they took against Serbia. Then they sent Serbia a list of Humiliating demands on July 23. Serbia accepted most of the demands and offered to capture the rest settled by an international conference. Aus tria-Hungary rejected the offer and declared war on Serbia on July 28 1914. It was expected to be a active victory.The western frontGermany had a war plan witch had been prepared by Alfred von Schliffer in 1905. Schliffen was the chief of the German General staff witch was a group of officials who provided advice on military operations. The plan assumed Germany would have to fight both France and Russia a quick defeat of France while Russia was slowly mobilizing. After they thwarted France they would have to deal with Russia. If war came Germany would have to strike first. After the plan was put in motion, the system of military alliances almost assured a full general European war. The plan said that there was suppose to be 2 wing of the German legy to come in and crush the french arm in a pinchers move. The left wing would be smaller to defeat Germany along side of France. The larger right wing was supposed to invade French in through Belgium, encircle and capture the capitol of France and then move east. This plan relied on a big right wing. The Belgin army was fighting tough and belongings up the Germans but only for a short time. By Aug. 16, 1914 the right wing of the German army could begin its pincher move. They drove back the French and a small British force in southern Belgium.

American Treatment of the Indian Tribes Essay -- essays research paper

American Treatment of the Indian Tribes                                             The American Indian lived a life be one with nature. In their way, they understood the ecological demands of the wreak and knew that if they took care of the land the land would take care of them. They possessed an untouched wisdom sustentation in harmony with the environment. They hunted the land for buffalo, which provided food and habiliment for the ages to come. In time they would almost become non existent at the hands of the discolour man. They would come to lose their land, lose the buffalo and lose their self being and their way of life. Towards the end of the 1800s the Indian territories were reduced by about 95 percent. The U.S. government along with greedy white settlers was the main reason behind this qual ifying of land. The government placed treaty upon treaty on the Native Americans and would not uphold to any of them. Some treaties were made to guarantee safety and permanent maintain for the Indians, but they were not followed through. In most cases the Indians were driven off the land by white settlers looking for gold or rich farmlands. The U. S. government broke some of the treaties by expanding through the promised lands looking for valuable minerals and making way for the expansion of the railways. The U.S. Government in seeking rights to control the land and its natural resources reverted to juristic manipulation. In cases were they were met with resistance, the Army was called in to settle the score.The relocation of the Indians from lands east of the Mississippi River to the West represents a dark phase in American history. In the outgrowth treaties signed, there were promises of stability for the Indians. One of these sagas is known as the Trail of Tears. This relates to the removal of the Cherokee Indians by the U.S. Army from their native lands in North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. During the journey they were held in camps and then forced to travel over 1,000 miles during adverse weather. This trail led them to the Indian Territory, which is now Oklahoma. This was a catalyst towards the devastation of the American Indian culture... ...mises such as owning their land as long waters run and the grass shall grow. The Indians would have continued to live "until the end of time" if the white settlers had not intervened. The white settlers created conditions that threatened the existence of the Indians. By the late 1800s, most of the tribes had now been almost completely abolished. The Indians were either beaten into submission or succumbed to the many contagious diseases brought on by the settlers. By the start of the 1900s there were less than one quarter million Native American Indians in the country. These numbers dwindle d from over half a million in the early 1880s and over five million since Columbus first set foot on these lands. Most of the Indians now were living in the small reservations. Beaten, tired and humiliated, they lived in poverty, alcoholism, and unemployment. They were now forced to live off the government as wards of the state. Once the rulers of the West they now a mazed culture, having lost their identities and sense of being. Although the freedom of their ancient way of life has been lost, the religion, culture, legends, and spirit of the Native American Indian will always endure.

Interview To Dow Jones :: essays research papers

Interview to Dow JonesQ. What is the biggest challenge facing Dow Jones in the next few years?A. To continue investing in new products and services that exitstrengthen our franchises, increase our competitiveness and produce new revenueflows in the future, while at the same m being careful in backcloth priorities,prudent in controlling costs, and committed to producing strong annual profits.Q. Who are the major competitors of Dow Jones?A. In the broadest sense, any quality products or services that competefor the time and attention of busy coursepeople compete with Dow Jones. Morespecifically, we have some franchises such as The environ Street daybook that aredominant in their fields. In other cases, we face particular competitors DowJones Telerate, for example, competes with Reuters in offering real-timefinancial information around the world.We believe, however, that Dow Jones is a unique company in a number of importantrespects. Our businesses are balanced roughly 50-50 betw een print and electronicinformation. More than 40% of our operating profit is now earned extraneous the U.S.We are a focused company. We are not a media conglomerate, nor an entertainmentcompany. We stick to our business of business, providing information essentialto an ever expanding and increasingly interconnected ecumenical businesscommunity.Q. What is the strategy behind your television operations?A. Dow Jones aims to provide business news in any form customers want it.When we looked at our operations a few years ago, television was the missingmeans of delivery for our business news. We began by pioneering with Asiasfirst business channel, Asia Business News, in late 1993 and followed withEuropes first business channel, European Business News, in early 1995. Bothhave achieved significant distribution success and viewer acceptance. Both alsotake advantage of Dow Jones existing news flows and news talent in thoseregions. When we launch WBIS+ in New York later this year, we will begin dailybusiness programming in the U.S., thence adding the third component of a globalbusiness network. The ITT sports programming will help to draw even largeraudiences.Q. What is the profile of a typical Wall Street Journal reader?A. The typical reader of the Journal spends 49 minutes every businessday with the newspaper. He or she might be a senior executive of a largecorporation or the entrepreneur-owner of a smaller company. The reader is morelikely to live in atomic number 20 than New York, has a median age of 46 and a medianhousehold income of $117,900. Interestingly, most of the customers registeringfor the Journals Internet service are not current Journal readers.

An Analysis of Anti-technology Themes in The Machine Stops and WALL-E E

In 1909 E.M. Forster wrote the ground-breaking short story The Machine Stops, it foretold of a dystopian union where mankind entrusted itself to a machine which took c are of al their wants and needs, and ultimately lead to their demise. In Forsters The Machine Stops, he illustrates the need for man to suit less dependent on machines and technology for their livelihoods and life in general. In Disneys WALL-E we se many of these themes again. In both cases humans have pass so inept at taking care of themselves that the loss of the machine or machines that care for them would be catastrophic and deadly. Humans have invested so practically trust and power into these machines that they no longer have any real control, in addition their dependance on technology has severely distanced them from nature and more than importantly their own human nature.In both stories one of the major themes is the autonomy of the Machine, and the lack of control the humans have over th em. In The Machine Stops this theme is best illustrated through the Mending Apparatus (Reader, 153), it automatically mends any problem it sees, including retrieving Kuno when he ventures to the sur reflection as well as killing one of the surface dwellers who was entangled by the worms, and, , was killed by one of them piercing her throat.. This shows the ruthless autonomy of the machine. Later in the story we see how wee the commonwealth who inhabit The Machine have over it, when it begins to break down, they have so little understanding o its workings that they are powerless to pull in it, without the Mending Apparatus to fix The Machine they are unable to save themselves. In Disneys WALL-E the ship aboard which the humans are living is controll... ...oth depictions people communicate almost exclusively through machines, in The Machine Stops face to face contact is rare and essentially feared. In WALL-E people are shown talking to each other on screens while they are right ne xt to each other and they seem completely lost when it comes to face to face conversations.In conclusion, The Machine Stops and WALL-E both use anti-technological themes to illustrate the dangers of technological advance, in particular our dependence on machines and technology for our survival. They showed that the combination of a dependence on an autonomous and out-of-control machine, a disconnection from nature, and an extreme loss of humanity can have disastrous consequences for us and our society. The question now is whether or not we can learn from these works and works like these and prevent a dark and inhuman future.

Fifth Business – Reaction to Adversities

Adversity is the most important factor in shaping character and/or identity. Assess the validity of this statement with reference to Fifth Business. Identity is individual characteristics by which a somebody is known or recognized. In Fifth Business, a characters reaction to adversity is the foundation to shaping identity. Others may not know what the adversity is but they observe the way a person is acting. The composure held in rough situations allows community to formulate opinions based on these reactions.This is shown through the challenges of dealing with guilt, trying to achieve be ruin than others and trying to splinter their knightly identities. A main adversity faced in Fifth Business is guilt. The guilt that the characters Dunstan and boy feel mainly revolve around the snowball incident with Mrs. Mary Dempster. Everybody had heard about the snowball incident however only Dunstan and Boy knew the truth about who threw the snowball. Although Dunstan was truly not at c omputer error he matt-up responsible beca procedure the snowball was meant for him.His mother then began making him invest time into caring for the Dempsters and he did it without protest because he felt he need to shambling the situation right. We knew your Ma must have sent you. She couldnt do anything publicly, of course, but she sent you to look after them. Everybody knew an honoured her for it. (p99) The people saying that his mother and his actions were honourable. As Dunstan ages, peoples perception of his dealings with Mary Dempster switch overs and his link to her makes him seem queer.Eventually even his mother was upset with Dunstans obsession with Mrs. Dempster. She was very upset that Dunstan would bring this woman into their home. What under Heaven had possessed Dunstan to turn to that woman, not only to their home but to the very beside of a boy who was dangerously ill? (p55) Then, Dunstan had insisted that Willie had indeed died. No pulse no breathing. (p. 55) He had expressed how he felt about Willies death and was disregard by people telling him to let it go.Dr.McClausland says to Dunstan I think you may safely leave it to me to say when peopled atomic number 18 dead, Dunny. (p55) Milo Papple even says Do you remember when you said that Mrs. Dempster raised Willie from the dead? God, you used to be a crazy kid (p99) He continued on to find 2 more miracles by Mary Dempster. This revelation guided him to begin studying saints and in turn his reputation was jeopardized. Its this saint business of yours. Of course your books are splendid. and if you were a father would you want to send your son a school headed by an authority on saints? (p187) That is what Boy had said to Dunstan regarding why he was organism let go from being Headmaster.Alternatively, Boys key role in making Mrs. Dempster simple forced a different reaction from him. Boy as a kid chose to ignore the fact that it was his fault. Dunstan views him as a coward and ruthle ss. I knew that he was afraid, and I knew besides that he would fight, lie, do anything rather than lease what I knew. (p17) He spends so much energy on pushing the situation out of his mind that by the time he is older, he has no recollection of her all together. Dunstan could hardly believe he spoke the truth, but as we talked on I had to accept it as a fact that he had so far edited his memory of his early days that the incident of the snowball had quite vanished from his mind. (p251)Boys indifference to the situation benefited him in a sense that because he knew that if he acted like he had no connection with Mrs. Dempster that his identity would not be compromised. The reactions from Dunstan and Boy are almost completely black eye and so people viewed them differently. Paul Dempster also treated his guilt differently than the other two.As Paul Dempster he ran away from home and people saw this as something that was prone to happen because his mother was simple. Although th ey did not recognize that it was because his father thought it was his duty to tell Paul, so he could do whatever possible to make it up to her. (p251) As he created a new persona for himself he also found a new way to cope with his guilt by sending her money and Dunstan was able to transfer Mrs. Dempster from the public wards of that hateful city asylum to a much better hospital near a mild town. (p220) This shows that he is a good person and with success he alleviate holds composure.Another challenge in the novel involved trying to be better than others. Boy Staunton was the golden boy from Deptford. He was always very in(predicate) and recognized. During the first war he became an officer and was wearing a few medals, the estimable D. S. O. but otherwise minor things. (p93) Boy went on to track a very successful career in the sugar business. As well, he struggled to pursue a career in politics although unsuccessful he did later become Lieutenant Governor. Old Doc Stauntons annoyance at being outsmarted by his son had given way to his cupidity.. (p142)All his successes sprung out of wanting to be better than his peers and his father and he succeeded. Another part of his image involves Leola being as educated and cultured as she possibly can. She had learned to curtsy very prettily and do other courtier things required by Boy. (p119) Yet still he still faced the challenge of her not being able to keep up. She was trying hard but she could not keep with Boys social advancement. (p143) People see Boy as the golden Boy and Magnus Eisengrim even says I remember you very well. I always thought of you as the Rich Young Ruler. (p249) In the end, he took the challenge of being more successful and dominated it and in the end he was known and respected. Denyse did achieve a very fine turnout of important people, and others who were important because they represented somebody important. (p243)This refers to Boys funeral and this shows how he had finished his life as a successful man. Paul was constantly teased by kids because they would say things like Hey Paul, does your Ma wear pants? and stuff like that. (p99) Milo Papple tells Dunstan that Paul ran away with the fair and it made him kind of a hero after hed gone. (p99) He became a very successful magician and people thought he was magnificent. They never knew that his success came from him trying to erase the image of him being simple Mary Dempsters son because he could call up in an instant what it felt like to be the child of a woman everybody jeered at and thought a dirty joke (p 251) Paul had to get away to ensure that he made a better name for himself.Their success is attributed to their obstacle to be better than others. Lastly, the challenge of separating their past identities also shapes their current identities. The three central characters use a name change to represent their new identities. They try to change the person they are and in turn people do view that as diffe rent people. Dunstan was originally named Dunstable Ramsay but after the war he met a Diana, a nurse whom he had his first real relationship with, who decided to change his name. Diana said its hard to say for one thing and it sounds like a cart running over cobblestones for another.Youll never get anywhere in the valet de chambre named Dumbledum Ramsay. (p85) She felt that his name didnt represent the successful person that he could be with a better name. Diana said that he represented the nonesuch Dunstan in many ways because St. Dunstan was a marvellous person and very much like Dunstan mad about learning, terribly stiff and stern and scowly, and an right-down wizard at withstanding temptation. (p85) He likes this persona of himself and the idea of a new name it suggested new freedom and personality. (p86) Boy Staunton, formerly known as Percy Boyd Staunton also changed his name.Somewhere along his army career decided that Boy Staunton was a name more fit for him. The name Boy represents the stellar and young gentlemen that he is. He was boy Staunton because he summed up in himself so much of the glory of youth in the postwar period. (p102) His name shows his success in his extol youth. He seemed to have made himself out of nothing, and he was a marvel. (p103) Another name change that denotes an air of eloquence is Paul Dempsters name change to Magnus Eisengrim.As Paul Dempster he had many misfortunes and zero success. As Magnus Eisengrim he has a wonderful show that awes the public. He says My name is Magnus Eisengrim that is who I am and that is how the world knows me. (p249) His reaction to escaping his past identity when he changed his name he did not present himself as a funny-man but as one who offered an entertainment of mystery story and beauty, with perhaps a hint of terror as well. (p192) Dunstan had it right when he said they had all rejected their beginnings and became something that their parents could not have forseen. (p252)The ch aracters past identities did not see how they viewed themselves and their challenge to erase who they were allowed them to create a new name that characterized a new identity. The characters in Fifth Business shape identities when they react to adversities. The way they are recognized is due to the actions they take to face these challenges. The most prominent challenges in Roberson Davis novel are the challenge of a guilty conscience, being better than others and escaping past identities. People react to one adversity differently and a good or bad identity depends on their reactions.

Leading by Virtue Essay

Virtues and set atomic number 18 precise important to health c atomic number 18 today. Virtues and values ar not about what a individual wants to be, scarce rather virtues and values are about who a person really is. Any changes or decisions forget always require people or scour the unhurrieds to examine their values and virtues. ( Sheryl, 2010). Virtue provoke be defined as the distinction between good and bad people meaning beneficial quality or moral excellence. Some examples of virtues acknowledge being h adeptst or satinpod and justice being what is called abstract principles of virtue that are moral.A person is considered to be virtuous if they do what is right and what is good not by habit, exactly simply by the rules of conduct they choose to follow or set. An otherwise example of virtue is faithfulness which is fidelity or keeping your word and obligations and commitments to other people or perseverings. (Pogzar, 2012). Values are conduct that is standard. A va lue is used for judging whether an action is good or bad. Values are standards that ass be measured in regards to goodness in a persons life. Values can too change if we need them to. Values can even sometimes motivate people.Everyone makes judgments based on what they value or has worth. (Pogzar, 2012). Even though value is all around everyone it is often not recognized. In healthcare today, there is total agreement that values are lessoning. Health care is now reflecting societies who are more heterogeneous (different) and even more stretch to diverse forms of living with different values. When values comes in clear view that is when values are usually detected. (Petrova, Dale & Fulford, (2006). There are some differences between virtues and values, even though these two words are often confused between each other.When a person has a character of being virtuous this is very important because it consists of things such as being honest, integrity and great work ethic. All three o f these characteristics of having virtues are very important in caring for the patients we are suppose to be serving. It is even possible for 2 people to have values that are different and still be virtuous. (Sheryl, 2006). Values, on the other hand, are not considered to be serious or sobering in nature. Things that are valued include volunteer work, artistic expression, humor and music.Other examples of value include valuing the time you spend with your children, caring for your parents whitethorn be of value to a person, A difference in age may affect a persons value system such as what a person valued or did not valued at 25 may be the opposite when they turn 50 years of age. (Petrova, Dale & Fulford, (2006). How do virtues and values affect ones character? Virtue and values can affect ones character in so many ways and certain types of values are positive, guide you to character traits that end up being honorable virtues.With these values and virtues following right behind, can actually create a life that is good and successful. This affect on ones character can affect a person personally, academically and professionally. In virtues a persons character will define their ethical character. Value can affect ones character negatively or positively. Not all values will lead to virtues, but lead to devices instead. Not all value systems are good, but actually lead to unethical behavior. ((Abbott, 2012). How are virtues and values acquired? Virtues are internal qualities acquired that an individual has that shows characteristics of their good behavior.Values, on the other hand, are learned. (Benn, 2012). How can they be facilitative in resolving health care ethical dilemmas? Whenever ethical dilemmas arrive there are often choices that will need to be made that may have unpleasant results. For caregivers, ethical dilemmas may ending up breaking what is normal or cause contradictions some ethical values. Examples of ethical dilemmas are spontaneous abortion p ublicises (Pro-life or Pro-choice), pregnancy as a result of rape or incest, right-to-die, an example of trying to decide based on virtues and values.(Pozgar, 2012). Identify and discuss a health-related cuticle in which virtues and values played a part. The health-related racing shell study where virtues and values played a part in involves a 20-year former(a), pregnant shapers Witness woman who refused to have a blood transfusion after she had been in a car wreck. The patient arrived in the emergency room displaying symptoms of internal bleeding and the medical team wanted to give her a blood transfusion and emergency surgery to try to save her and her baby.The young patient refused the blood transfusion based on her whim in the Jehovahs Witness teaching where they teach their members to not to receive blood transfusions and this patients husband was in agreement with this belief as well. This young pas de deux value system appears to include a strong faith in the teaching o f the Jehovahs Witness that they would risk the loss of the woman and the unborn child to honor their belief. This couple even had written documentation of their belief to not receive blood transfusions.In the value system of the emergency room it involved was the well being of this patient and the unborn 32 hebdomad baby against the womans religious belief that she stated. The hospital at this time had only 2 options which are accept the patients lack to not receive blood transfusion or try to get a court order. This healthcare team chose to honor the wishes of this young couple who were reasoning(a) of the possible results of not getting the blood transfusion and C-section, based on virtue ethics by respecting the autonomy by honoring the decision of the patient.The 20-year old woman and her baby dies. This woman believed in this teaching so strongly that she stated she rather die than go against the teachings of the Jehovahs Witnesses. (Pacsi, 2008). In the case study involving the 20-year, pregnant woman we see how the virtues and values that we believe in and live by can play a significant role in issues involving our health. There is no secret that Jehovah Witnesses strongly believe that their members and others should not receive blood transfusion even if it means the blood that they would be receiving could by chance save their life.In the case of this young woman her values and beliefs were so indoctrinated in the teachings of the Jehovahs Witnesses she was willing to die and cause the death of her 32 week baby since she also was refusing to have a C-section that could have possibly saved the life of her unborn child. Since the woman was brought in from a iodin car crash with symptoms of bleeding internally time played a role because the health care team needed to move quickly. This couple believed so strongly in this refusal of blood transfusion that they had documentation to support their belief.Since patients refusal of interventions and blood transfusions appear to becoming more common, health care providers need to have this issue taught about in nursing curriculum. This is a very complex issue and nurses especially new ones need to be properly trained on how to get across this type of situation if it was to arise. Even though the teachings of Jehovah Witnesses is against blood transfusion, in emergency situations that their members have their advance directives and other legal papers in case of emergency which appears to be what this young woman had done.This is an ethical dilemma that health care providers are faced with and need to know what the proper steps to overhear prior to an emergency situation such as this case arrives in the emergency room. The staff in this case chose to honor the religious values and beliefs of this couple where the mother died along with her unborn baby. The medical staff in this case also felt that the principle of beneficence, which centers on promoting the well-being of others, was h onored in this case, as well as the principle of nonmaleficence, meaning they did not inflict any harm on this patient by honoring her wishes.In this case we also see the nursing virtues of moral courage, self-reliance and compassion in being able to understand this situation. . References Abbott, L. (2012). What is a Value? What is a Virtue? Retrieved from website http//www. odysseyofthefuture. net/pdf_files/Readings/EthicalCharDevWrkshp. pdf Sheryl, (2010). Virtues and Values Matters of Importance. Retrieved from website http//bestyears. com/blog/? p=257 Pacsi, A. , (2008). Case Study An ethical decision involving a dying patient.Retrieved from website http//www. thefreelibrary. com/Case+study%3a+an+ethical+dilemma+involving+a+dying+patient. -a0184801424. Petrova, M. , Dale, J. , and Fulford, B. , (2006). Values-based normal in primary care easing the tensions between individuals values, ethical principles and best evidence. British Journal of General Practice, 56(530). Retrieve d from website http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1876638/. Pozgar, G. (2012). Legal aspects of health care administration (11th ed. )

Meralco Financial Analysis

INTRODUCTION MERALCO is the Philippines largest electric big businessman distribution come with, with franchise service field of study covering 9,337 agora kilometres. It provides power to 4. 8 one million million customers in 31 cities and 80 municipalities, which include the whole of Metro Manila, the provinces of Rizal, Cavite and Bula backside, and parts of Pampanga, Batangas, Laguna and Quezon. Business establishments in the franchise argona account for almost 46% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product or GDP.Through Clark Electric Distribution Corpo balancen or CEDC, a 65%-subsidiary, it time lags the power distribution franchise for Clark Special Economic Zone in Clark, Pampanga. CEDC franchise field covers 32 square(a) kilometres and 1,611 customers. The Company is organized into three study in operation(p) segments, namely, power distribution, real state and contracts, serve and other(a)s. In 2010, MERALCO PowerGen Corporation or MPG (formerly Asian Center for En ergy Management), a wholly owned subsidiary, was shake up as the Companys vehicle for potential entry into power generation. COMPANY PROFILEMERALCO marches on to its 108th yr of service in 2011. Consistently in the list of the Philippines top five corporations and cited among Asias finest, MERALCO today serves over 4. 8 million residential, commercial and industrial customers. It is strategically located to serve the countrys center of commerce and industry and its hub of government services and infrastructures. It services about 30 manufacturing economic zones, which also compete in the global market. Likewise, the Company caters to providers of outsourced bloodline process, both domestic and international. MERALCOs 9,337 sq. km. ranchise area overs 31 cities and 80 municipalities including Metro Manila, the entire provinces of Bulacan, Rizal and Cavite parts of the provinces of Laguna, Quezon, Batangas and Pampanga. Electrification level in the franchise area is 99%. accusatio n to provide our customers the best value in energy, products and services. VISSION to be a world-class company and the service provider of choice. OBJECTIVES To protect and enhance the amuse of its stakeholders by committing itself to the succeeding(a) principles. 1. The Customers are its reason for being, and therefore, they should always be treated with dignity.The Company must be fully responsive to their needs. The Company has the responsibility to * Provide the customers with the highest quality products and services, lucid with their demands and with international standards * Treat the customers fairly, courteously and with integrity in all of its pipeline transactions * Act promptly on their immediate concerns and be receptive to their long needs and interest and * Make every effort to ensure that the health, safety and general well-being of its customers are enhanced by its products and services. 2.The Employees are its most treasured summation, and therefore, they s hould always be treated with dignity and with full consideration of their interest. The Company has the responsibility to * Provide its employees with incentives and opportunities for professional growth and advancement * Provide its employees with dear and competitory compensation, and benefits that improve their living conditions and incentives * Guarantee fairness, equal treatment and opportunity and avoid discriminatory practices and * Provide suitable and safe working conditions to protect employees from avoidable damage and illness in the workplace. . Its Investors are its principals, and therefore, the trust they have placed in the company must be honoured. The company has the responsibility to * Apply professional and persevering management to ensure the financial viability of the company and maintain a fair and competitive egest for its investors and * Conserve and enhance its investors pluss, and fulfil and safeguard their interest. 4. The Suppliers and Creditors are its business partners and, therefore, the relationship with them must be based on mutual respect and benefit.The company has the responsibility to * Foster long-run stability, direct relation and continuous culture with suppliers to attain quality, competitiveness, process efficiency and performance reliability * Seek fairness, truthfulness, integrity and transparency in all of its business dealings with them and * Seek encourage and like suppliers whose business practices respect human dignity and the environment. . The Competitors are its catalyst toward continuing service excellence and, therefore, the competition with them should be fair and honest, a basic requirement for national development in the distribution of products and services to the community. The Company has the responsibility to * Promote behaviour that demonstrates mutual respect among competitors and * Maintain the highest level of business ethical motive and integrity. . The Community is its business environm ent and the fiat it serves. The Company has the responsibility to * Uphold and maintain at all metres the highest standards of business ethics * Fulfil with commitment and commitment its social responsibilities * Undertake activities that support and contribute to the economic and social development of the country 7.Employ proactive measures and cooperate with the government and non-government institutions in activities to serve society towards a collective benefit. * Help the government in its efforts and programs in its efforts and programs towards raising investor confidence, developing the capital market, and ensuring high sustained economic growth through legal corporate governance. Observe and comply at all times with the orders, rules and regulations of the government, its agencies and instrumentalities, in the pursuit of its utility objectives and other corporate endeavors * Institutionalize sound environmental practices in collaboration with the concerned government agen cies and encourage other corporations/organizations to support all programs for an effective environmental management system. SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES * Meralco Powergen Corporation (MPG) * Clark Electric Distribution Corporation (CEDC) * radius Telecoms, Inc. * Meralco Financial Services Corporation (FINSERVE) Lighthouse Overseas Insurance Limited (LOIL) * Meralco Energy, Inc. (MEI) * Rockwell Land Corporation (ROCKWELL) * Republic Surety and Insurance Company, Inc. (RSIC) CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS manilla paper ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION declination 31 2010 2009 (amounts in millions) ASSETS oc oc rate of flow Assets Cash and Cash equivalents Php 24,370. 00 Php 17,068. 00 Trade and other receivables clams 25,609. 00 21,600. 0 Inventories at lower cost or sort out realizable value 2,043. 00 1,857. 00 Land and development costs at lower of cost or net realizable value 1,708. 00 1,191. 00 Other occurrent assets 2,027. 00 2,969. 00 sum bestow CURRENT ASSETS 55,757. 00 44,685. 00 Noncurrent Assets Utility plant and others net 101,009. 00 98,231. 0 Construction in progress 2,241. 00 3,627. 00 Investments in associates and a joint run a risk 321. 00 1,203. 00 Investments properties net 8,037. 00 8,021. 00 Deferred pass through fuel costs 1,222. 00 3,161. 00 Deferred tax assets net 42. 00 17. 00 Other dead assets net 10,339. 0 13,184. 00 gibe NONCURRENT ASSETS 123,211. 00 127,444. 00 Php 178,968. 00 Php 172,129. 00 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Current Liabilities Notes Payable Php 149. 00 Php 513. 00 Trade payables and accrued put downs 31,138. 00 28,261. 00 Income tax payable 413. 00 133. 00 Customers refund 7,131. 0 9,147. 00 Current portion of interest bearing long-term financial liabilities 5,574. 00 4,069. 00 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 44,405. 00 42,123. 00 Noncurrent Liabilities Interest-bearing long-term financial liabilities net of current portion 15,498. 00 17,234. 00 Customers deposits net of current portion 23,761. 00 25,063. 0 Deposits from pre-selling of condominium units 741. 00 343. 00 Deferred tax liabilities net 3,322. 00 4,230. 00 Long-term employee benefits 9,547. 00 10,987. 00 Provisions 12,875. 00 7,492. 00 Advances for construction net of current portion 3,271. 00 2,989. 00 Other noncurrent liabilities 2,352. 0 522. 00 TOTAL NONCURRENT LIABILITIES 71,367. 00 68,860. 00 TOTAL LIABILITIES 115,772. 00 110,983. 00 impartiality Attributable to Equity Holders of the Parent Common Stock 11,273. 00 11,273. 00 Subscriptions receivable (738. 00) (960. 00) Additional paid-in capital 4,111. 0 4,112. 00 Excess of Acquisition cost over carrying value of non-controlling interest acquired (328. 00) (328. 00) Employee shared-based payment plan 743. 00 569. 00 Unrealized fair value gains on available-for-sale enthronements 96. 00 71. 00 Share in cumulative translation adjustment of a subsidiary and an associate 12. 00 684. 0 Retained earnings Appropriated 6,000. 00 4,198. 00 Unappropriated 37,800. 00 37,750. 00 Equity Attributable to Equity Holders of the Parent 58,969. 00 57,369. 00 Non-controlling interests 4,227. 00 3,777. 00 TOTAL EQUITY 63,196. 00 61,146. 00 Php 178,968. 00 Php 172,129. 00 MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Years Ended December 31 2010 2009 (amounts in millions, except per share data) REVENUES Sale of electricity 239,077. 00 178,686. 00 Sale or real state 3,375. 00 2,877. 00 Sale of contracts, services and others 3,009. 00 2,987. 00 245,461. 0 184,550. 00 EXPENSES (INCOME) Purchased power 200,916. 00 150,928. 00 trading operations and maintenance 15,711. 00 13,611. 00 derogation and amortization 6,219. 00 5,064. 00 Provision for probable charges and expenses from claims 5,750. 00 3,351. 00 Cos t of real estate sold 2,640. 00 2,230. 0 Interest and other financial income (2,690. 00) (4,246. 00) Cost of services 1,996. 00 1,803. 00 Provision (reversal of provision) for probable losses from refund net (1,632. 00) (1,179. 00) Interest and other financial charges 493. 00 3,328. 00 Equity in net earnings of associates and a joint venture (283. 00) (245. 0) Accretion of present value impact on customers refund 225. 00 555. 00 Foreign exchange losses (gains) net 51. 00 (266. 00) Taxes, fees and permits 974. 00 421. 00 Others 654. 00 216. 00 231,024. 00 175,571. 00 INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX 14,437. 00 ,979. 00 PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAX Current 5,233. 00 3,218. 00 Deffered (913. 00) (595. 00) 4,320. 00 2,623. 00 crystalise INCOME Php 10,117. 00 Php 6,356. 00 MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW 2010 2009 (Amounts in Millions) CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Php 14,437. 0 Php 8 ,979. 00 Income before income tax Adjustments for Depreciation and amortization 6,219. 00 5,064. 00 Provision for probable charges and expenses from claims 5,750. 00 3,351. 00 Interest and other financial income (2,690. 00) (4,246. 00) Interest and other financial charges 493. 0 3,328. 00 Provision (reversal of provision) for probable losses from refund net (1,632. 00) (1,179. 00) Loss on disposal of utility plant and others net 1,033. 00 Provision for doubtful accounts, net of recoveries 982. 00 886. 00 Cost of guaranteed service levels pay-out 388. 00 216. 0 Loss from disposal of coronation 46. 00 Equity in net earnings of associates and a joint venture (283. 00) (245. 00) Present value impact on customers refund 225. 00 555. 00 Employee share-based payments 174. 00 301. 00 Reversal of write-down of livestock to net realizable value (3. 0) (41. 00) Gain on disposal of investment property (4. 00) Donation of investment property 2. 00 Foreign exchange loss (gain) 51. 00 (266. 00) run income befor working capital changes 25,412. 00 16,749. 00 Decrease ( addition) in Trade and other receivables (10. 0) 15,601. 00 Inventories (130. 00) (168. 00) Land and development costs (517. 00) (531. 00) Deferred pass-through fuel costs 1,939. 00 631. 00 Other current assets 955. 00 (1,854. 00) Increase (decrease) in Trade payables and accrued expenses 41. 0 8,798. 00 Customers refund (2,241. 00) (2,889. 00) Customers deposits 1,298. 00 2,913. 00 Deposits from pre-selling of condominium units 398. 00 307. 00 Long-term employee benefits (1,424. 00) (1,555. 00) Provisions (140. 0) (4,935. 00) acquit cash generated from operations 25,311. 00 33,067. 00 Income tax paid (4,953. 00) (3,797. 00) winnings cash flows generated from operating activities 20,358. 00 29,270. 00 CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Additions to Construction in progress (5,769. 00) (7,914. 0) Utility plant and others (2,741. 00) (187. 00) Intangibles (300. 00) (127. 00) Investments properties (110. 00) (662. 00) Interest and other financial income received 1,058. 00 1,332. 00 government issue from Return of investment 752. 0 Disposal of utility plant and others 82. 00 Disposal of investment property 28. 00 Settlement of deliverable currency forwards 5. 00 Dividends received from associates 96. 00 445. 00 Dividends paid by subsidiaries attributable to non-controlling interests (15. 00) Decrease ( change magnitude) in Other noncurrent assets 622. 0 (1,657. 00) Other receivables Net cash used in investing activities (6,292. 00) (8,770. 00) CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from Interest-bearing long-term financial liabilities, net of issue costs 10,528. 00 12,398. 00 Notes payable 380. 00 2,936. 00 Collection of subscriptions receivable 222. 0 445. 00 Payments of Interest-bearing long-term financial liabilities (10,748. 00) (8,295. 00) Div idends (6,187. 00) (2,820. 00) Interest and other financial charges (2,044. 00) (1,524. 00) Notes payable (744. 00) (12,251. 00) Stock transaction costs (1. 0) Increase(decrease) in other noncurrent liabilities 1,830. 00 277. 00 Net cash flow used in financing activities (6,764. 00) (8,834. 00) NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 7,302. 00 11,666. 00 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR 17,068. 00 5,402. 00 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR Php 24,370. 0 Php 17,068. 00 MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES RATIO psychoanalysis 2010 2009 TEST OF LIQUIDITY A. Current Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities = 55757. 00 44685. 00 44405. 00 17234. 00 = 1. 26 1. 06 B. Acid-test Ratio = Cash + short investments +receivables (net) Current Liabilities = 49979. 00 3048. 00 44405. 00 17234. 00 = 1. 13 0. 18 C. Receivables turnover = Net credit sales Average net receivables = 245461. 00 184550. 00 36409 . 00 36409. 00 = 6. 74 5. 07 Average Collection period = 365 days receivable turnover = 365 days 365 days 6. 74 5. 07 = 54. 15 days 72. 01 D. Inventory turnover = COGS Average inventory = 221263. 00 168572. 00 2971. 50 2971. 50 = 74. 46 times 56. 73 TEST OF SOLVENCY A. Debt to sum assets ratio = wide-cut debt total assets = 115772. 00 110,983. 00 178968. 00 172,129. 00 = 0. 65 0. 64 B. Times interest earned = Income before income taxes and interest expense interest expense = 14,437. 0 8979. 00 493. 00 3328. 00 = 29. 28 2. 70 TEST OF PROFITABILITY A. Profit Margin = Net income Net sales = 10,117. 00 6356. 00 245,461. 00 184550. 00 = 4% 3% B. Asset Turnover = Net Sales Average assets = 245,461. 00 175,548. 50 = 1. 40 C. Return on assets = Net Income Average Assets = 10,117. 00 175,548. 50 = 6% D. Return on common shareholders equity = Net income Average c ommon stockholders equity = 10,117. 00 11,273. 00 = 90% E. Earnings per share = Net Income Weighted average common shares outstanding = 10,117. 00 1,127. 00 = 8. 98 F. Price-earnings ratio = Market toll per share of stock earnings per share = 10 8. 62 = 1. 16 G. Pay-out Ratio = Cash Dividends Net income = 7,834. 00 10,117. 00 = 77. 43 ANALYSIS HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ANALYSIS REVENUES For the year end December 31, 2010 MERALCO procured a Php245, 461 million revenues, 33. 0% higher than previous year revenues worth Php184, 550 million. Sales from the three major operating segments increase during the year 2010 with the power distribution as the top performing operating segments. Php178,686 million sales from electricity was a 96. 82% of Php184,550 million. EXPENSES Expenses for the year 2010 amounted to Php231,024 million was change magnitude by Php55,453 million or 31. 58% imputable to higher purchased power that was increased by 33. 12%. In support to this, purchased power got 86. 97% of the total Php231,024 worth of expenses. NET INCOME Php10,117 million net worth of income of 2010 was 59. 7% higher than 2009 its because of the higher sales of electricity for the year 2010. Eventhough the net income for the year 2010 is just a 4. 12% of the total sales the company still achieved its higher net income compare to 2009. CURRENT ASSETS As of December 31, 2010, the Companys unify cash and cash equivalents amounted to Php24,370 million, Php7,302 million or 42. 78% higher compared with the balance of Php17,068 million of December 31, 2009. In addition, cash and cash equivalents achieved 13. 62% of its Php178,968 million total assets. This is due to a higher average collection period from 29 days to 24 days.Other increase in current assets may be due to higher sales for the year 2010. CURRENT LIABILITIES Current liabilities had increased by 5. 42% or Php2,282 million by the year ended December 31, 20 10 with mete out payables and accrued expenses having the highest increase worth Php2,877 million, achieving 20. 52% of its total liabilities. Decreases in the current liabilities was due to payments of near payables and some customers refund. NONCURRENT ASSETS Most of the noncurrent assets had decreased by the year 2010, this is due completion of major electric projects and due to consumption of fuel gas.NONCURRENT LIABILITIES A total of Php4,789 million increase in noncurrent liabilities of the company may due to issuance of long term obligations that could result in an increase in working capital. This increase was due to pre-termination of some loan deposits received from units sold on instalment contracts. EQUITY The employee shared-based payment plan had increased by 31% as of December 31, 2010. This is due to perception of the provisions of PFRS2, Shared-based Payments related to Employee Stock Puchase Plan. And a decrease of 98. 5% of the share in cumulative translation a djustment of a subsidiary and an associate was resulted from the return of capital related to the Companys investment in FPPC. RATIO ANALYSIS CURRENT RATIO A total of Php55,757 million worth of current assets definitely meat a capability of the Company to pay its current liabilities worth Php44,045. This nub a 1. 26 current ratio is an indicator of a slightly strong financial position. ACID-TEST RATIO A 1. 131 acid-test ratio of the company simply portrays that its most liquid assets can settle its current liabilities. RECEIVABLE TURNOVERThe Company can collect its receivables 6. 74 times in a year with an average of 54. 15 days or less than deuce months collection period. This situation is favourable to the companys present position. INVENTORY TURNOVER As inventory is being concern, the company is efficient in managing its inventories. A 74. 46 times inventory turnover is a proof of the latter statement. It is not too high nor too low indicating a better liquidity. DEBT TO TOTAL ASSET RATIO More than half of the companys assets are financed through the companys debts. This is proven by a 0. 65 ratio of debt to total asset.TIMES INTEREST EARNED Since the earnings of the company, Php14,437, is higher than its total interest expense, Php493, the company has the capability to settle its debts. Getting a 30. 28 ratio means that the company is able to meet its interest obligations because its earnings is significantly greater than its annual interest obligations. PROFIT MARGIN Compare to 2009 profit margin of 3%, the company got 4% profit margin which indicates that the revenue earned, Php245, 461million by the company was effectively converted into genuine profit, Php10,117 million, despite of Php231, 024 total expenses .ASSET TURNOVER The 1. 4 asset turnover ratio of 2010 is relatively higher than 2009 meaning despite of Php178,968 million total assets the company still gained a total revenue of Php245,461 million with a total net profit of Php10,117 million meaning the company is efficiently utilizing its assets to produce a favourable profit. RETURN ON ASSETS The company has a total 6% return on assets of 2010 which is 2% higher than 4% return on assets of 2009 indicates that the company can make an intelligent choice on how to throw off its money on new assets. RETURN ON COMMON STOCKHOLDERS EQUITYA 6% increase in return on common stockholders equity simply indicates that the company is generating profits on its common stock investment meaning it is generating an income for the benefit of common stockholders. EARNINGS PER SHARE With an 8. 62 earnings per share which is higher than the 2009 EPS, 5. 74, the company is getting a higher earnings, meaning a strong financial position. PRICE-EARNINGS RATIO The 1. 16 price-earnings mean that investors are ready to pay 10 times earnings. The company has a chance in getting numerous investors. PAY-OUT RATIO A 77. 3% of the total Php7834 can be paid back to shareholders. Investors will increase its confidence to the company. CONCLUSION MERALCO is the Philippines largest electric power distribution company, with franchise service area covering 9,337 square kilometers. It provides power to 4. 8 million customers in 31 cities and 80 municipalities, which include the whole of Metro Manila, the provinces of Rizal, Cavite and Bulacan, and parts of Pampanga, Batangas, Laguna and Quezon. Business establishments in the franchise area account for almost 46% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product or GDP.The Company registered consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 amounted to P=245,461 million, 33% higher compared with the P=184,550 million for the same period last year. Sales from all operating segments increased during the year with the highest registered by power distribution. The increase in electricity spending is attributable to (i) increased number of customers across all customer classes, (ii) growth in various industries as restocking activities resume afterwards the global economic crisis, (iii) unusually warmer temperature during the first half of the year and, (iv) election spendings.Sales from electricity amounted to P=239,077 million, an increase of P=60,391 million, or 34%, from P=178,686 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Consolidated costs and expenses amounted to P=231,024 million for the year ended December 31,2010, P=55,453 million higher than the P=175,571 million last year, primarily due to higher purchased power costs, increased provision for doubtful accounts, accrual for compensation and employee benefits. The 2010 consolidated full year results hypothesize higher recurring net income compared with 2009 mainly as a result of increased volume of energy sold.Revenues generated from power distribution amounted to P=239,164 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, higher by 34% compared with P=178,752 million in 2009. Pass-through charges increased by P=48,442 million, or 33% to P=195,435 million compa red with P=146,993 million in 2009, as a result of higher average generation charge during the year, partially offset by the decrease in the average recoverable system loss charge to P=11,567 million from P=16,108 million. Costs and expenses of the power distribution segment increased by P=55,211 million, or 32%, to P=225,905 million in 2010 compared with P=170,694 million in 2009.For the year ended December 31, 2010, purchased power costs amounted to P=200,916 million, an increase of 33% from P=150,928 million in 2009 brought about by the higher electricity consumption particularly from the industrial customers and increased in average purchased power cost per kWh. Operations and maintenance expense increased by P=2,100 million, or 15%, to P=15,711 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared with P=13,611 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 brought about by the increases in salaries and wages and provision for doubtful accounts.MERALCOs liquidity increased as the current and quick ratio rose in 2010. On the other hand, the companys collection of receivables had dropped down from 72 days of 2009 to 54 days of 2010. This means the company is having a good turnover when it comes to it receivables. in this connection, the company achieved the 74. 46 times of inventory turnover that resulted to a higher sales. 0. 65 debt to total asset ratio and 30. 28 times interest earned proved that the company is solvent and able to meet its interest obligations.Revenue earned was effectively converted into actual profit despite of a higher total cost of expenses still the company gained a 59% increase in net income. As remote as asset is concern, the company is efficiently utilizing its asset that resulted to a favourable profit. And because of the increase, we can say that the company is profitable and this could gain the trust of shareholders and may cast investors. RECOMMENDATION MERALCOs total performance could be the basis of prospective investors to invest and it could be the reason why present stockholders will continue to do business with the company.A favourable increase in sales as well as the increase in net income may not be an indicator of a total good performance of a company. The management should still preserve its good turnover on assets and inventories to preserve its stockholders and the legacy that MERALCO had started ever since. The company should sustain its good performance since its the number one electricity supplier here in the Philippines. The service should be enhanced and be better as well. Customers refund should be minimized as well as the receivables.The company should think of a better way of decrease refunds and receivables without sacrificing its service and trust of the customers. Assets should continue to increase and be utilized in the right manner. Acquiring of assets should be done in the right time so that the company will not suffer in paying its unwanted debts. Continuous improvement and i nnovation when it comes to service is highly recommended for the company to hold its present position in the market. MERALCO should continue to give light and power to the entire archipelago.

Juvenile Justice Articles

Samara Belgrade Ventura county 14-year-old boy, Brandon McClellan was arrested and charged with the shooting death off classmate Lawrence King. Lawrence was shot In the head at a close range. This horror was a premeditated hate crime, therefore, the Dialect Attorney added special allegation of a hate crime against Brandon McClellan, and he was charged as an braggart(a).Larry King classmates indicated that King had recently started to wear makeup and had openly proclaimed himself as gay. Classmates also indicated that King and a concourse of students had a confrontation due to his sexual orientation the day before he was murdered. McClellan recently turned 14, this is the legal age for charging an adolescent as an adult under the early sasss Proposition 21 . Brandon McClellan was sentenced to 21 years for the killing Lawrence King.Juvenile arrested after hooting at undercover police in Lincoln Heights A male juvenile was booked for attempted murder after shots were fired at underco ver police officers in Lincoln Heights. The 16-year-old male was captured after a search of more than seven hours inside a closed perimeter in the Lincoln Heights neighborhood, Los Angels Police Department SST. Kevin Moore said. The search began after an vague number of shots were fired at a car driven by undercover narcotics detectives, neither officer were hurt.A citywide tactical alert, where all police staff office had their shifts extended as the search continued, was issued at 715 p. M. And downgraded to the Central Bureau at 8 p. M.

Patchwork 3 †Analysis and Comparison of Both Pre-Existing

The Musee du Louvre and its Pyramid, and St Pauls Cathedral with the nearby 30 St Mary Axe were the chosen topics by both members of our company. All of these lay downings be iconic building within their cities, and all were imageed and built with vastly varied mounts and purposes in mind. In this essay we will comp are and contrast the different buildings in a manner that will help us understand the juxtaposition of old and new buildings.We will also investigate what made the coetaneous buildings in question switch status from controversial to widely accepted as unique and brilliant pieces of architecture. After considering the different mount(s) and drift(s) of the building we will give birth our informed personal opinions base upon our research, to reach a conclusion in accordance with the research question. Before we undertake an analysis we will quickly tote up what has been aforementi unrivalledd in Patchworks 1 & 2. The two buildings that unrivaled of the members of the group researched were the Musee du Louvre and the Pyramide du Louvre.The Musee as it stands now, was designed by Pierre Lescot for the King of France (at the time Francis I), however the designed and context of the building was primitive and completely out of context with the western European direction of its time (THOMPSON, Renaissance Paris architecture & Growth 1475-1600, p183). The bolt of architecture that the Louvre is of Renaissance origin, the architect Pierre Lescot was said to have never visited Italy, and studied Italian Renaissance architecture only from third parties.Meaning his channelize of reference was only that of textbooks, sketches and different architects (HANSER, Architecture of France, 2006, p116). However this does not mean he didnt manage to create a Renaissance style building, the design and style of the Louvre is typical of the Renaissance, with the over-ornamentation and relief, and not plain surfaces. These are examples of typical French Ren aissance over-decoration (MOORE, Character of Renaissance Architecture, 1905, p200). In patchwork 2 the focussing was on the Pyramide du Louvre (a. k. a.The Louvre Pyramid), the design of which was done by I M Pei (as part of a commission by the president Francois Mitterrand). The need for a reception/ welcome area for the museum was urgent, but space was scarce. Pei constructed an idea to go underground, topped with a pyramid made of glass and steel. A somewhat radical idea when considering a high-tech architectural construction would be positioned next to the Renaissance era architecture of the Louvre Museum (PIMLOTT, Without and Within Essays on Territory and the Interior, 2007, p255 HEYER.American Architecture Ideas and Ideologies in the Late Twentieth Century, 1993, p275-278). Of course placing a pyramid ( world a symbol of burial, and of an entirely different culture) in front of The Louvre did not go too smoothly with the public, and many criticised both Pei and Mitterrands intentions. However the pyramid was not a direct connotation to Ancient Egypt, but rather a fresh approach to a classical design.Mitterrand was also criticised for blocking the view of the historical buildings by putting the pyramid in the middle of the courtyard, but collectable to its semi-transparent nature the pyramid juxtaposes The Louvre perfectly with the contrast of transparency and opaqueness (RUSTOW, Transparent Contradictions Peis Pyramid at The Louvre, 2006, p6). The two buildings that the another(prenominal) member of the group researched were St Pauls Cathedral designed by Christopher Wren, (construction finished in 1677), and 30 St Marys Axe designed by Norman entertain and partners, (construction finished in 2003).Both these buildings were built to replace precedingly destroyed buildings. St Pauls was built to replace old St Pauls which was one of the biggest buildings in Europe at the time. Most of the building was destroyed by the Great chivvy of capital of th e United Kingdom and in 1668 a Royal Warrant was issued for the complete devastation of old St Pauls (GERAGHTY bbc. co. uk). Also in the time period between 1540 and 1650 the population grew by five or six fold. (ALLISON Architects and architecture of London page 48) Ken ALLINSON notes, it is against this background that Wren set about creating St Pauls cathedral.Wren chose white Portland stone which had been used to great success by architects before him, one example being Nicholas HAWKSMOORs St Marys Church (GLANCY- The story of architecture page 84-85). 30 St Mary Axe was designed by Norman Foster and Partners and AUP Engineers and was built for the insurance company Swiss RE. Swiss Re had been working out of a number of buildings in London and the company was smell to build one building that would replace all previous buildings to help unify the company.The purpose of this focusing on one building was getting peck to interact, exchange ideas, become a creative community in t he words of John COOMBER the then CEO of Swiss Re when they planned to build 30 St Mary Axe. Many locations were considered for the building but in 1992 a bomb with 100lbs of Semtex destroyed the Baltic Exchange (POWELL, 30 St Mary Axe A tower for London, 2006, page 14). This presented the ideal location for 30 St Mary Axe to be built. The initial plans for 30 St Mary Axe were for a much large building than the one finally constructed.To gain planning permission Norman Foster and partners had to scale down the design. The design was described by London advisory committee as being unduly dominant and assertive by reason of its height, form, bulk, massing and relationship to nearby high buildings. (POWELL, 30 St Mary Axe A tower for London, 2006, page 19) One comparison to be made between St Pauls Cathedral and the 30 St Mary Axe, and The Louvre and its Pyramid is that of context at the time of design and construction. The London buildings were both designed and created within the c ontext of their era.St Pauls was designed at the start of an English-Baroque movement (similar to that of other European movements, but much more conservative). (WHINNEY, Wren, 1971, p81 GLANCY, The Story of Architecture, 2000, p84), It follows very baroque traits, which would have appeared on other buildings built before it. The Cathedral was built in the context of its surroundings. The same could also be said about the 30 St Mary Axe. It was built in a very modern era where the style of high tech/modern architecture is very common. Therefore relating to the quote at hand, we believe that the London buildings are rooted in the context of their surroundings.On the other hand, this conclusion cannot be said for The Louvre, and especially not for The Pyramid. The Musee du Louvre, (at the time, Palais du Louvre) was built as a one of a kind building, it did not follow a style that was already prominent in Paris, or indeed most parts of France at time of design and construction. We did agree that following completion The Louvre did lodge the style more closely when the renaissance and baroque movement swept through France, therefore more buildings of a similar style/context appeared.Thus creating relevancy to the Louvres style. As for the Pyramid, although it is an interesting juxtaposition with the older style Louvre its context is not rooted with The Louvre. Had it been constructed near lArche de la Defense, in the more industrial part of Paris, then yes it would have context within its surrounding(s). This is probably the reason that it caused so much controversy upon completion, and seen as such(prenominal) an out of place building.Another comparison that we made is that the London buildings were used to replace buildings that had been pre-existent and consequently destroyed (Old St Pauls by the Great Fire of 1666, and The Baltic Exchange by an IRA terrorist attack). This means that the context of which the new buildings are built upon is relevant to their p urpose now. Old St Pauls and the previous buildings before it had always been that of a religious context Roman temple, Saxon church and a Norman church (ALLINSON, Architects and Architecture of London, 2006, p49).The Baltic Exchange being the predecessor of the St Mary Axe means that the financial context of the building has remained, being in the heart of Londons financial district brings this justness home, along with the unison of all five Swiss Re buildings into one, again follows the financial context of the building (Swiss Re is a major insurance company). The exit between them and The Louvre and The Pyramid is that both Louvre and Pyramid were built for purpose and not to replace older buildings.The Louvre, originally a fortress-turned-palace was stripped of its life history necessities and turned into a museum, no building was required. The Pyramid was designed and built because of a lack of reception and link to all wings of the museum. Both are original builds and as a result have created their own context within their surroundings as opposed to relying on the context of its surroundings to look the style. To conclude, as a group we believe that the context of a building is not simply rooted in the setting, and building can determine the context of a setting just as much as a setting can determine the context of a building.We were given two examples, one in London where the setting has driven the context, and the other in Paris where a new style had changed the context. So to relate to the original quote by Dalibor Vesely, the relationship between buildings and intervening spaces is formal, but where the context is rooted is a chicken-or-egg question one will govern the other, but this is likely to change based of multiple factors including location and the purpose of the building. Word count with references 1619 Word count without references 1512 Bibliography Renaissance Paris Architecture and Growth 1475-1600, David THOMPSON, University of Cal ifornia Press, Los Angeles 1984 Extract paraphrased, page 183 Architecture of France, David A. HANSER, Greenwood create Group, 2006 Extract paraphrased, page 116 Character of Renaissance Architecture, Charles Herbert Moore, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1905 Extract paraphrased, page 200 Without and Within Essays on Territory and the Interior, Mark PIMLOTT, 2007, Episode Publishers.Extract paraphrased, page 255 American Architecture Ideas and Ideologies in the Late Twentieth Century, Paul HEYER, 1993, John Wiley and Sons. Extract paraphrased, page 275 278 Transparent Contradictions Peis Pyramid at The Louvre, Stephen L. RUSTOW, 2006 Paper given at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Architectural Historians Extract paraphrased, page 6 30 St Mary Axe A tower for London Kenneth POWELL, published by Merrell 2006 Page 13 15 2000+ London Sam LUBELL, published by Maconcelli press 2008Page 164 -165 Article published by Dr Anthony GERAGHTY 17-02-2011 http//www. bbc. co. uk/history/br itish/civil_war_revolution/gallery_st_pauls_01. shtml(Referenced on the 19-11-2011) Margret WHINNEY Wren, make by Hudson 1971 Page 81 84 Christian NORBERG-SCHULZ Baroque Architecture, published by Electra architecture, 2000 Page 194 195 Jonathan GLANCY The Story of Architecture, published by DK, 2000 Page 84 85 Ken ALLINSON Architects and Architecture of London, published by Architectural Press, 2008

The Traditional Costing Systems Accounting Essay

Activity-based be emphasizes the demand to obtain a better apprehension of the behaviour of operational expense be, and thence ascertains what causes everyplacehead cost and how they relate to mathematical products. ABC recognizes that in long t every last(predicate)y, most fabrication costs are non fixed, and it seeks to understand the forces that cause overhead costs to depart over clip. ( Colin Drury, 1995 p. 275 )The definition of accounting supplied by Zlatkovich, et. Al. ( 1966 ) is the procedure of identifying, measurement, and pass oning frugal information to license informed opinions and determinations by users of the information.ABC in any case can be defined as a mode of bing activities that are necessary for the production of sells or usefulnesss ( i.e. activities being undertaken ) ( Dandago, 2003 ) .Whatever the definition of ABC, this method was origin eachy authentic by Cooper and Ka final cause in 1988 as a solution to the insufficiency of traditional d irection accounting techniques that used volume based methods to apportion operating expenses to merchandises. ABC is a method of apportioning overhead costs. Eventhough, it is similar to the direct method of overhead costs allotment found in traditional method, except there are two important different. In the traditional direct method, overhead costs are identified by service and production sections trance in ABC operating expense costs are identified by activities which likely non the same as sections.In the traditional direct method, service section costs are allocated straight to production sections and so overhead allotment rates are prepared from these combined costs. Overhead costs are so assigned from the production section cost pool to the merchandises processed through this section. The different with ABC method this intermediate measure has been eliminated. Overhead costs are collected by operation and so straight allocated straight to the merchandise. In traditional m ethod direct, the cost object is the terminal merchandise or service. And the premier costs and production costs are charged straight to merchandise or service whereas non-production costs will non bear smoothen to merchandise or service.There are five ( 5 ) chief advantages of future(a) ABC methods areAccurate InformationABC offers more than accurate estimations. Businesss typically have to analyse an point s mo electronic networkary value and merchandising record to see if it is deserving bring forthing, and one of the benefits of ABC is better analysis of both paid and non- vernacularable merchandises. Overhead costs can be a major job with some merchandises, but this method will place the costs and helps cut down operating expense. Directors frequently can work better under this costing method, because they have more accurate information.Accurate Product-Creation CostAn early(a) benefit of ABC method is a more accurate product-creation cost. By following this bing method, analysts can calculate out the per-product cost and, therefore, more realistic prosodies are used for appraisal.Competitive PlacementABC is helpful in choosing which merchandises are profitable and which 1s should be eliminated. If a merchandise is identified as non-profitable, the concerns seldom continuously sell a merchandise. This is because the ABC method enables the concerns to notice more accurate merchandise pricing and therefore competitory placement of the merchandise in the market place.Better Decision MakingSince ABC provide accurate information on costs, more trance capital investing determinations can be made as a consequence of better burdening being determined on assorted facial expressions.Future PlaningABC helps the concerns estimates the cost of all activities or processes that associated to future merchandise planning accurately determined before it is launched. This can so assist with finding pricing, and any associated outgo. By implementing ABC method, the concerns besides could place which production line is inefficiently. This enables the concerns to make up ones mind whether to go on the procedure or activity in-house or outsourcing the procedure or activity to 3rd party.Despite the advantages of implementing ABC, the method besides has disadvantages and restriction. The disadvantages of the method are elaborated in the following paragraph.ComplexityThe most obvious disadvantage of ABC is complexness in nature. It prevents the system to widespread into other companies. This ensuing the ABC methods normally remain hard to grok and dearly-won to run. ABC requires direction to non merely estimate the costs of from each one activities and identify and step the cost drivers for such activities, but besides update the same on a regular primer coat. This utilise much of the organisation s resources such as direction clip and cost.slide 3 of 6PremisesABC while it institutes a complex methodological analysis to delegate costs to activitie s, the method body far from perfect. The major defects includeCertain overhead costs remain impossible to split and apportion on a per-product practice footing.Not all productive activities will add value to merchandises.Most activity based bing methods assign such business prolonging costs to merchandises on a proportionate footing or based on premises, and this makes the method far from perfect.slide 4 of 6The Big PictureABC places excessively much attending to detail and command on procedures. This causes a terrible restraint in that it obscures the bigger image by doing the organisation to lose sight of strategic long term aims in a stake for short term nest eggs.slide 5 of 6Confirmation to StandardsThis method, while supplyinging for better direction control over the concern procedure, does non conform to by and extensive recognized accounting rules ( GAAP ) . This means that for the companies that practising GAAP demand to duplicate their attempts by keeping two cost sys tems and separate accounting books for internal fashion and external studies.Replacing ProcedureFinally, ABC method does non replace an bing occupation order or procedure cost system, but instead supplement the same. Indirectly, this will be seen as excess procedure.Eventhough the method has disadvantages it has proven that it still taking method to bring forth the most dependable, accurate bing information particularly for fabricating companies today. Although this method may non be easy to implement, since it utilizing activities to follow costs but it provides more accurate information ensuing in better scheme, better planning, and better prediction. However, the most influential facet of ABC is the ability to salvage cost. If company has a more accurate image of costs, so it is in a place to accomplish higher net incomes which straight maximize the stockholder wealth.Case StudiesThe following paragraph discussed on the execution of the ABC method in four ( 4 ) different takes with different elaboration and industries. The analysis was based on the research documents conducted in these states.The first research paper by Wen-Hsien Tsai and Jui-Ling Hsu. The assess was carried out to analyse the operational costs of a hot spring hostel in the Yang-Ming-Shan country of Taiwan. The ABC method was used to calculate housing, hot spring usage and repast helping costs per client. Based on the consequence of the research, it was reported that the cost of merchandises was lower than utilizing other methods eventhough during winter season. The research worker besides compares the ABC method with the traditional costing method and concludes that the ABC method is practical and appropriate for such a hot spring state hostel and outputs more accurate information for cost direction and pricing determinations.The following research paper was carried out by Ahmet Agca and Ali Cagri Buran in implementing ABC method in Third Party Logistics ( 3PL ) houses at Turkey. This survey was carried out for selected endeavors that are expertise in logistic activities at Turkey. The successful factors for these houses are the service they provide and accommodating their clients to their procedures in an optimum manner.The 3PL houses can plan their run in a two different manner to run into their clients outlooks i.e. service-oriented and customer-oriented. By following ABC, it shown that either service-oriented or customer-oriented, both theoretical accounts need to find the optimal cost degree for accurate pricing determinations to enable them to find the profitableness of clients or services. Therefore, the bing method they use need to be qualified fit to run into the demand for accurate cost informations.The houses have found out that, ABC method has proved the optimum method in both state of affairss. As this method allocates costs by the activities so, it is the method supplying the most accurate cost informations both in bing logistic activities and finding the costs of clients and services/products.The 3rd research paper was carried out by Francesca Bartolacci for logistic procedure in Italy. In this instance survey, Francesca defined logistics as portion of the supply chemical chain procedure that plans, implements and controls the effectual and efficient flow of goods, services and related information from the point of beginning to the point of ingestion. Nowadays, the market really competitory, the merchandises, monetary value and type are easy imitated and the velocity of the physical and information flows plays a cardinal function for the accomplishment of the company objectives. Excellence client service can be the cardinal component for the company to be at the competitory border and one of the maps evidently plays a critical function in the success or failure of a company is logistic.Eventhough Francesca Bartolacci has identified some disadvantages and drawback in implementing the ABC method in logistic, nevertheless ABC method has references to work out the jobs refering the usage of traditional cost accounting system based on volume and the betterment of concern profitableness. The method provides directors with utile information about labor and other resources, including ingestion for merchandises, consumers and providing channels, taking to the direction and control of the operating expenses nowadays in the company.The analysis besides managed to place the factors that determine the operating expense consumed. By following this method it is possible to do the logistics activities more efficient by extinguishing redundant or unneeded undertakings, and optimizing resource allotments to activities adding more value to the merchandise or client.Other advantage of the method is, ABC permits the planning of more efficient collaborative relationships among the companies in the supply concatenation. Francesca concludes that the designation of costs in return influenced allows for a pick of quisli ngisms as a method which is more convenient for the whole partnership. Correct information about the differential costs originating from possible change of the coaction relationships aid companies to do those appropriate strategic determinations with their logistics activities. This in bend helps them gain, with other companies, how best to modify the object of the cooperation in order to do the whole supply concatenation more competitory .The concluding research paper was analysing the consequences of following of ABC methods in service sectors at United State of America by Ashford C. Chea.It was reported that the acceptance of ABC to efficaciously apportion resources and to find monetary values was the primary aim in the instance of a big regional slang. Previously, the bank had no clear manner to be services or find how resources were being consumed by different activities. In add-on, since some of the clients were related parties, the bank wished to demo that the charges being made to them were effort-and-use-based, i.e. , there was a direct correlativity between the nature of service provided and the charge for this service. ABC method assisted the bank to turn to both i.e. internal pricing and strategic pricing.For planetary insurance company, the determination to follow ABC method simply for receipts enhancement intents. The method was adopted to find its allotment methodological analysis for external transportation pricing intents. This is because the company wanted to guarantee that its charges to its abroad affiliates were accurate and defendable to revenue enhancement governments. By following ABC, the company ensured that the services provided to all abroad affiliates were tracked through the ABC systems, ensuing in charges straight related to the economic benefit received by the receiver. As a consequence, the company was able to take down its effectual revenue enhancement rate.DecisionABC was introduced in the 1920 s and over period of clip th e method continually bettering. As shown in four ( 4 ) instance surveies, ABC is non merely allow for usage in a fabrication environment it is besides reported to be most appropriate for service organisations such as fiscal establishments, the health care industry, and authorities organisations. In fact, some banking and fiscal establishments have been using the construct for old ages under other names. One of them is unit costing, which is used to cipher the cost of banking services by finding the cost and ingestion of each unit of end product of maps required to present the service.

Product Design and Process Selection †Services Essay

1. Identify the operations management problems that Dr. Barr is having at the clinic.Dr, Barr is experiencing several operations problems due to a castrate in what nodes argon requesting compared to the services the clinic was designed to offer. The increase in specialized services and the addition of cooking requires a different layout. Not only bugger off the space requirements changed but some non- middleman services are being performed in touch modality areas. Customers are requesting a mix of services but the clinic has not fantasy about service packages. Finally, the staff is not trained for the new service mix.2. How would you define the service packet boat currently being offered? How is this different from the initial purpose of the clinic?Customers are now requesting a bundle of grooming, examining, and sometimes minor surgical services. The business was originally designed to offer examining and surgical services. Not only do the new demands require additional servi ces but also customers see these as a package. The clinic unavoidably to offer the demanded bundle more seamlessly.3.Identify the high-contact and low-contact segments of the operation. How should each be managed?The high contact segments include reception and customer waiting. The low contact segments are examining, surgery, and grooming. However, grooming is currently being performed in a high contact area. High contact segments must be performed while the customer is present and in contact. Low contact segments can be performed while the customer is not there, and do not need customer contact. In fact, as the grooming operations demonstrate, customer contact with low contact segments can decrease performance.4.What should Dr. Barr have done differently to avoid the problems she is currently experiencing? What should she do now?Dr. Barr should have studied the impact of a change in the mix of services offered before she started accepting a significantly different mix. flat she n eeds to either reject business that is outside of her original plans (probably not what she wants to do) or redesign the clinic to weaken handle the current mix. The redesign should include a new facilities layout, employee training, and probably attention to the service packages offered.

Omnivores Delimma Essay

In America, we do non decide what is healthy and what is not by the authenticity of essential nutrition, but sort of nutrition facts. If we ar in a store and see a label that says only speed of light sm every calories we atomic number 18 drawn to that item instead of an item labeled extreme or all-natural. This is because as a society, we ar always on a fad diet and bank that health has to do with calorie counting and sugar intake as opposed to the actual production of the diet itself. In Michael Pollans book The Omnivores quandary, argues that this is not the case. Pollan goes into an in-depth investigation to show that the organic nutriment chain is the healthiest and close true to life(predicate) of the three principal food chains that sustain us today the industrial, the organic, and the hunter-gatherer (7),He describes the omnivores dilemma as the constant problem that people with vast amounts of food must face everyday. The question Pollan continuously raises is the humor that because we have the ability to eat almost everything, we struggle with being equal to decide what the scoop pickaxe is. Therefore we must always ask ourselves the question what should we eat? Throughout his extraordinary exploratory prototypical hand research, Pollan shows that we would be healthier and happier if we truly knew where our food was coming from and how it was elevated. Pollan promotes a food chain where the food stool be immediately traced back to its origins, as opposed to industrialized food. Therefore, it can be conceived that the beat out way to achieve this idea is to follow the organic food chain.The organic food chain is beat for expressing Pollans idea that if we know where our food originates, we will be find greater satisfaction in our meals. The organic food chain is one that provides the most natural benefits to humans. A prime example of this can be seen on grass-farms because grass is the foundation of the intricate food chain ( 126). Pollan points out that grass is typically overlooked as a material of consumption, however grass is one of the solid beginnings of the big organic food chain.There are two main human-grass phases. The first is mediated by animals because they are able to digest the grass and therefore produce meat for us to eat. In this puzzle out humans on purpose promoted the welfare of thegrasses in order to attract and fatten the animals they depended on. The second phase of the human-grass resemblanceship, is known as the invention of agriculture (129). In this phase grass progressed to produce dense seeds that could nourish humans directly(129). Through this progression, this specific grass eliminated the necessity for animals to mediate the sex actship between grass and people. This simple process is beyond organic and without the use of any kind of machinery. Therefore, allowing us to see where our food originated, which goes hand in hand with Pollans theory that if we see where ou r food comes from we are healthier and happier because we know exactly what we are putting into our bodies.When it comes to big organic food, Pollan starts his investigation at Whole Foods. It is here that he brings up the idea that we like organic food because we believe that it is wholesome. Big organic food is food that is truly all natural and beyond organic, with no machinery or unnatural influences. The success of organic markets play into Pollans idea that we enjoy food more when we know where it comes from. The organic food chain is the most hardheaded option out of the three proposed food chains (industrialized, organic, and hunter-gatherers) that outperform promotes Pollens philosophy of the human relation to nature.Industrialized food chains are the furthest food chains from the lifestyle Pollan is trying to encourage. some(prenominal) the conventional industrialized food supply and the industrial organic supply imply through labeling and publicise that their product s are natural, when in fact that is not the case. When the word organic is labeled on anything we assume that it is all-natural which fulfils our deepest, oldest longings for a connection to the earth (137). We as a society tend to simply believe and assume the dexterous marketing organic companies use, however this is an imperfect substitute for direct observation of how food is produced (137).When Pollan investigated the industrialized food chain, he learned that lemon yellow is found in everything from food to batteries essentially everything we eat is from a pee of corn. Corn is a seedy crop, cheaper than grass, therefore ideal for an industrial production process. Because corn is so cheap thereis constantly an excess amount that needs to be disposed of, because of this problem surplus amounts of corn are used to feed dismays. The problem with is that a cow is by nature not a corn eater (64) this is the first sign that this process is unnatural. Due to the unnatural meals t he cows are oblige to consume, there are many problems that come in return.One major problem is bloating due to the cows diet that contains too much starch and too little roughage (77), this small dietetical substitute can often times lead to the animals suffocation. However, if the cow does not suffocate from their unsuitable diet, they stock-still must be injected with antibiotics to ensure their health. This as well as fails to cohere to the idea of healthy food, additionally, the animals drugs are plainly being used to treat low-spirited animals, yet the animals probably wouldnt be sick if not for the diet of the grain we feed them (79).Once the animal is killed for the industrialized food supply, what doesnt extend to through the gut of a food animal to become meat will pass through one of Americas twenty-five wet-mills (86). These wet-mills are what makes processed food that are used for supplements, particularly by big name brands such as McDonalds.This food chain by f ar is the most unnatural of them all. However, it is we, the modern Americans, which keep this food chain successful. We are a perfect example for the develop ignorance is bliss. We do not think that we are drinking corn when we have a soda, and we mechanically assume the meat in our fast-food burgers is natural, healthy meat, when this could not be further from the truth. Pollan goes as far as to call this food schematic (119), he states that once we are finished with our industrialized meal we are not satisfied, but simply, regrettably, full (119). By leaving us unsatisfied, the industrialized food supply supports Pollans beliefs that knowing where our food comes from satisfies us and makes us happier eaters.In addition to the industrialized food chain, Pollan also finds harm doings in the industrial organic food supply. The term organic is meant to refer to food that is make from nature, not machinery. The industrial organic process supply utilizes machinery, though in an envir onmentally sound way,to produce their food. In an industrial organic process, a machine is used to transform inputs of seed and fossil postcode into outputs of carbohydrate and protein(130). Industrial Organic is a paradox, because the word organic is meant to refer to food that is completely natural with no intercourse with machines, however in the Industrial Organic process, machines are employed. This process is still a process of manufacturing, and does not have the correct use of Pollans idea of humans relation to nature because they take us farther from natural food, and the knowledge of where our food comes from.In The Omnivores Dilemma I found Pollans idea of how to engage with the natural world compelling, however I also it unrealistic. Though I do believe that it would be in all parts of the environment (including humans) best interest to establish a completely natural food chain, I also think that in this day and age, that would be impossible. Our modern day society is n ot necessarily focused on what is the best thing for us, but what is easiest. Even though processed foods from McDonlands are unnatural and bad for our bodies, the food has a decent taste, is affordable, and is fast. Many modern Americans are not thinking intimately the future or where their food originated from because they have so many other things on their mind, and if they are wise(p) about where their food came from, many of them simply do not care. As long as it is pick and tasty, it gets the job done.In the last page of the introduction to this book Pollan says many people today calculate perfectly content eating at the end of an industrial food chain, without a thought in the world this book is probably not for them(11). This sentence further proves my idea that people just do not care enough to change their way of living. Pollan is exactly right when he says this book is not for them because a decent amount of people do not want to know where their food comes, they do n ot want to spoil their appetite, and there lies the problem. In modern America, citizens are perfectly content with how things are now, and they have no reason to put in extra effort, time, and money, to fix something that they do not believe needs fixing.